Eggplant to floor wax introduction Essay

One of the many problems of any home or infrastructure is keeping the shininess and the cleanliness of the floor and only thing that make this possible is the product called Floor wax it is applied on floor surfaces to make it scuff-resistant, water-resistant, slip resistant and glossy. It provides a thin, protective and hard surface layer when applied to flooring. In this modern age, floor polishes is made from synthetic materials and with the advancement of synthetics so does floor wax, each passing day over half a million people are using floor wax even as we speak someone is using it! But of all the useful traits that floor wax gives us at our floors there are always disadvantages to it and the first disadvantage is our environment, since floor wax is made out of highly synthetic materials its is non-biodegradable. The second is that floor wax contains toxic substances that can either cause severe damage to humans and animal life if came in contact. Third is prolong exposure of its unpleasant smell can cause different problems throughout the body. Fourth is that it can cause damage to the plants since floor wax contains volatile substances that can block plants from doing photosynthesis Despite the recent efforts by various organizations efforts to educate the public about the toxic dangers of floor wax no one seems to believe them due to the effectiveness of the modern floor wax but still its harming our environment. Our research aims to put these problems away through the use of eggplant leaves, by the use of eggplant leaves we can eliminate the problems of toxic materials exposing human and plants and making the floor wax safe to dispose at the environment because it can degrade over time plus making it 2 times more cheaper and the most important part is we can retain results, texture and luster of a commercially produced floor wax.

Nurse Patient Communication

According to the article, â€Å"Nurse-Patient Communication Barriers in Iranian Nursing† (Anoosheh et al, 2009) communication is one of the basic social needs of human beings. This article is the description of a study done to better understand the barriers that inhibit nurse-patient communication. Communication is critical in the nursing profession and can be considered a main aspect of nursing care.Patients and families count on nurses to keep them informed, help them feel connected to their physicians and other caregivers, to listen to them, to ease their anxiety, and to protect and watch over them during their healthcare experience. However, many studies (Anoosheh et al. 2009) have shown poor results in the quality of nurse –patient communication. There is the risk that nurses can become focused on tasks, physiological needs of the patient and time management at the expense of psychological needs.I am a firm believer that the psychological aspect of human beings can directly influence our physical state. I agree with the statement in the article that communication can be, â€Å"an essential part of nursing care but also as a treatment by itself† (Anoosheh et al. 2009). As I give care in my nursing practice I can improve communication by confirming patient feelings by asking questions such as, â€Å"How are you feeling today? † or â€Å"How do you feel about your upcoming procedure? †.To help patients know what to expect I can explain what care I will be performing, how long it will take and what their role may be. Another aspect that is necessary for quality patient care is collaborating with the patient by asking questions like, â€Å"What can we do better? † and, â€Å"How is the treatment working? † These patient centered questions can get patients talking about their thoughts and feelings. With a positive nurse patient relationship, there can be patient and family satisfaction and an environment that supp orts healing.

Norms in Security

Do international norms have an impact on security issues? Why? Norms can be understood as rules for standard behavior. Norms are a common belief or understanding usually shared by a majority. International norms are determined by the international community and they usually set the stage for the behavior of individual countries. These norms shape international as well as domestic security issues. These norms shape Inter-state behavior, they also shape the security policies of nation-states and they also serve to set certain normative standards about how the world should be.In this paper we will look at how the emergence of certain norms, taboos and International laws have contributed to International security concerns and sometimes also problems of mistrust. The major schools of International relations theory such as unilateralism and unrealism have not satisfactorily confronted the evolution of norms of Interstate behavior. However the constructivist literature draws on a variety of theoretical texts and empirical studies to argue that norms have illustrative power independent of structural and situational constraints. The belief that all norms are created by the powerful can be Halloween.As international norms have come to be shaped by a number of factors such as newer democracies, pressure groups, international and humanitarian organizations. Humanitarian values, global security, moral ethical behavior by powerful states are some of the values that have given direction to and reflect international norms as illustrated by the following quote. † The case of nuclear taboo is important theoretically because it challenges conventional views that international norms, especially in the security area, are created mainly by and for the powerful,† (Tangential, 2005, 7).The use of certain weapons or their prohibitions rather are shaped by factors that are not limited to decisions by nation states. The stimulation of a weapon and the mass opinion against it are responsible for giving rise to an international norm prohibiting that weapon. A case in the point is the chemical weapons. Stratifications of a weapon gives rise too taboo which then gets politicized. According to Price this is what ultimately led to the decision of countries In WI to refrain from the use of COW.In 1925 the Geneva Convention prohibited countries from first use of COW. An example Price (1995,77) states Is how In 1940 Britain considered resorting to COW In the occasion of a German Invasion but had to discard such thoughts as those acts would mark a departure from British traditions and principles. This shows that the public pollen mattered and public pollen highly consisted of principles that believed COW were Immoral and could not be used as a resort even In times of desperation.International norms however not always go In a singular deletion of cooperation and upholding of humanitarian values. Constructivist argue that international interactions can only advance international norms towards a culture of mutual help and friendliness. But this argument is not supported by the reality of International politics. Sometimes it triggers fresh rivalry or intensifies conflicts. An example here is during the five years from August 2003 to December 2008 seven rounds of Six Party Talks on nuclear issues on the Korean Peninsula.The outcome of the six nations' continuous interaction during this time, however, was not in North Koreans acceptance of the norm of non-proliferation, but in its conducting on May 25 2009 its second nuclear test. Even though the aim of the other five countries was to prohibit North Korea from doing so (Executing, 2011: 233-264). Thus, the idea of international norm indeed may be to uphold the supremacy of a few and states like North Korea like to defy that, Just like India and Pakistan as well.Hegemony advance new international norms to other states to accept norms set out by the Hegemony which originated to serve its own securi ty needs, by normative persuasion, external inducement, and internal reconstruction. Sometimes countries accept to do so as the prevailing internal conditions in its own country allow to recognize the importance of such a norm. In other cases, such a norm is against the national security interest of a Tate and that is where a conflict of interest arises. When Total Briar Payees became Indian Prime Minister, he authorized nuclear weapons testing at Popcorn.The United States forcibly condemned the testing, promised sanctions, and voted in favor of a United Nations Security Council Resolution condemning these tests at Popcorn. President Clinton during that time imposed heavy economic sanctions on India, which included cutting off all military and economic aid, freezing loans by American banks to state owned Indian companies, prohibiting the issue of American aerospace technology and uranium exports to India, and requiring the US to oppose all loan demands by India to international lend ing agencies . This created an air of mistrust.Indeed we see how international norms, and taboos affect security policies across the globe. Florin argues that the constructivist have not yet given a theoretical basis for explaining why one norm instead of the other becomes institutionalized (Florin, 1996: 40, 363-389). International norms have varying impacts on security issues globally. As an example , the middle east can react in a complete opposite way to a norm that is widely accepted by the others. In conclusion, we can say that international norms govern policy agendas concerning security for different states.International norms set standards of behavior for states in security matters. Failure to do so is followed by intense scrutiny by the international community. The case of Syria is an example of that. This is because international norms condemn certain weapons, or acts and as such they have strict adherence structures entailed in them. Breaking away from these norms has it s own consequences, it could lead to eyeing boycotted by other states, This of course affects how states think, act in relation to each other.This also affects how or what measures states can or will take in order to feel secure. On many occasions, adherence to international norms may make a state feel less secure and look weak in front of the eyes of its own citizens. Therefore what can be said is that yes, in some cases international norms have led to friendly cooperation between states, yet on other occasions, it has led to hostility accompanied by an unconventional arms race, triggering new international conflicts and intensifying already existing international conflicts.

Living the Southwest Way Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Living the Southwest Way - Case Study Example The carrier attributes the effectiveness of its operations to socially fine relationships with its workforces. The purpose of this paper is to examine the human resource (HR) implications of Southwest Airlines merger with Air Tran Holdings in 2011. Southwest focuses principally on point-to-point passenger delivery, as opposed to the more popular hub-and-spoke strategy provided by most American airlines (Wu, 2012). The point-to-point strategy limits delays and total flight time which would otherwise be more tiresome to the crew. This service also enables the employees to enjoy more convenient shifts and better remuneration generated by majority of passengers who prefer low fares (Lorenzetti, 2014). By supplementing high-frequency short-haul fights with newer long-haul services between Los Angeles and Nashville, Las Vegas and Orlando, and San Diego and Baltimore by virtue of more planes and crew, the integrated crews now have the opportunity to enjoy more challenging and shifts. In addition, the airline’s delivery of passengers to downtown airports such as Dallas Love Field, Houston Hobby and Chicago Midway among others enables the crew to unwind in the less congested destinations and thus, improve their productivity (Bachman, Schlangenstein, & Hughes, 2010). As the result, Southwest employees today have better capacity to champion effective asset utilization and predictable time-maintained performance. Owing to the operational similarity of Southwest Airlines to Air Tran, the new organization encourages its workforces to use simple strategies to achieve maximum customer satisfaction and growth. Wu (2012) suggested that these include control of oneself in the best and worst of times; using irreverence where it is necessary; being oneself; having fun on the job; being objective and serious when dealing with competition; tolerating diverse attitudes, provided the crew use their

Marx's critique of capitalism is based on his theory of history Essay

Marx's critique of capitalism is based on his theory of history politics and alienation - Essay Example There are many of his works which seemed to be revealed as a result of his reactions on the growth of new areas of political economy, which is helped by the laissez-faire theories of Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus. These theories intimated the extension of precisely the features of capitalism that was most defective in the views of Marx. Therefore his critique begins from attacks on the satisfactory liberal bases analysis of capitalism to the very intricate analyses of economics and also of leading theorists. (Marx's critique of capitalism) Marxism is not a single theory but is found as a cluster of a few similar related theories. There is an alternate way of how the Marxist theory of history is called. (Karl Marx: Wikipedia) It is the historical materialism which is found on the views of Marx on people and what people fundamentally are. Marx's theory of history originated from the thought that the way of society rise and fall and it further interferes in the development of human productive power. (Karl Marx: Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy) There is a common liberal belief that every individual gets the liberty to enter into all economic adaptations by ways of an equally beneficial contract. When Marx reacted to this, he remarked that "men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will, relations of production". (Marx's critique of capitalism) Marx's perception about this historical process is that it is a procedure through which the required series of ways of production rise to its highest point in communism. (Karl Marx: Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy) Max's analysis of history is focused on the differences that he saw between production relationships and the means/forces of production, such as technology, land, natural resources, which are essential for the production of natural goods. In other words it is the relationship that people enter into between their social and technical related matters while using the means of production. (Karl Marx: Wikipedia) It was the belief of Marx that any phase of history which is based on an exploitative economic order sow's the seeds for its own ruin. (Conflict Theory) It was under the observation of Marx that any particular society changes its methods of production, and he also observed that the European society grew from a feudal mode of production to a capitalist mode of production. On the whole Marx believed that production changes more swiftly than the relations of production. For example, first the technology of say, Internet was being developed and only then was the laws that are relating to the technology were developed. Marx found this mismatch between this social construction and economic fundamentals as a primary source of social disorder and clash. (Karl Marx: Wikipedia) It was Marx's view that it is through this economic fundamentals that the social and political conflicts take their roots, and hence the political theory should confine itself with the modes of production than getting i nto abstract thoughts such as liberty and justice. Hence it is found that Marx's major concern was on the structure of capitalism, which he found as the

EU Regulatory Directives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EU Regulatory Directives - Essay Example The directive covers ten categories of electronic and electrical equipment which may be sold within the EU and abroad. Townsend (2011, p. 587) illustrates that the compatibilities which electronic and electrical equipment must comply with include designing equipment during the production process in a manner which facilitates reuse, repair, recycling and disassembly. This compatibility is guided by the WEEE’s principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). The major goal of the directive is described by Vaisvila and Vaicikonis (2006, p. 43) as the minimization of the disposal of unsorted municipal refuse or waste and thus facilitate the achievement of a separated WEEE collection. Additionally the directive provides that the management systems within electrical and electronic industries must be designed and organized both in individual basis and collectively so that the directive is not violated by these industries. Hidy, et al. (2011, p. 990) add that apart for provision o f recycling and recovery targets, the WEE directives provides that export of electronic and electrical equipment can only be achieved through compliance with the WEEE directive. Furthermore the directive provides that manufacturers of this equipment must take responsibility for the costs associated with the picking of waste from the collection centers and also for the processes of refurbishing the equipment in readiness for reuse or recycling. Quinnell (2005, p. 71) explains that the large appliances which are used in households such as washing machines and refrigerators are covered by the WEEE directive. Small appliances such as hair dryers, vacuum cleaners and toasters are also provided for. Moreover, IT equipment such as computers and their accessories, calculators and mobile phones are covered by the WEEE directive. The disposal of stereos, radios and TVs are also covered under the consumer equipment category. Other equipment covered by the directive include toys and leisure equ ipment, lighting equipment, electronic and electrical goods such as saws and drills, medical and monitoring devices and appliances. Moreover the WEEE directive covers automatic dispensers such as coffee dispensers within its regulations as illustrated by Townsend (2011, p. 605). This means that the manufacture and dealing in these categories of equipment within the European Union must adhere to the WEE directives as it is provided within the European law. Enforcing the WEE Directive within the UK Yoshida and Yoshida (2010, 21) points out that the member states within the European Union are responsible for enforcing the WEEE directive. This means that the European Union member states are mandated to enforce the directive within their boundaries. Hidy, et al. (2011, p. 994) explain that the enforcement of the directive is achieved through the adoption of effective monitoring and inspection systems. These systems must be implemented by the member countries and thus applied in ensuring that manufactures and exporters of electrical and electronic appliances meet the requirement of the directive. Additionally, the member states of the union are responsible for imposition and execution of penalties on producers and retailers who fail to comply with the legal provisions of the WEEE directive. WEE Within the USA According to Hristev (2006, p. 62), within the US the enforcement o

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 8

Assignment - Essay Example In the real sense, corruption affects the general physical infrastructure of a country/ region, including construction of roads, schools, health facilities, and conservation of the environment (Radin, 2013; Ionescu, Lazaroiu and Iosif, 2012). Certain variables either mediate or moderate the relationship between these two perceptions. For instance, more mature people (those in relatively more advanced ages) tend to have better understanding of corruption and its effects, and may consequently tend to rate corruption significantly higher than younger persons. Explaining this observation, Porumbescu and Im (2013) further noted that ‘more educated’ individuals are more conscious of corruption in society, and can relate its effects to service delivery more easily than the less educated. Based on these established discussions, the present analysis attempted to conceptualize how perceptions on corruption could be related to the perceived impediments to quality service delivery, including provision of high standard infrastructure. Respondents’ satisfaction with eight items that constitute infrastructural wellbeing was assessed. These include public transport systems, roads and highways, schools, quality of air, quality of water, quality of health care, quality of housing, and the beauty or physical setting of the localities within which the respondents live. Again, based on the findings in the mentioned research articles, the researcher hypothesized that higher perceived levels of corruption in government are significantly related to lower levels of satisfaction with service delivery. Similarly, age and educational level are estimated to relate with the perceived level of satisfaction such that as either increases, the level of satisfaction decreases. Age and educational attainment are also theorised to have a linear relationship with the perceived level of corruption, implying that as either of the

Modern Age Europe 1348-1789 Phase Definitions 1 Assignment

Modern Age Europe 1348-1789 Phase Definitions 1 - Assignment Example Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) was a polish priest and an astronomer. He adopted elements of Ptolemaic model and transferred them to a heliocentric (sun-centered) model. The heliocentric model used the assumption that the earth revolved round the sun in a circle (Kagan et al, 422). In relation to Ptolemy’s system, his epicycles were smaller, and the inverted motion of the planets was explained to occur due to an optical illusion that came up because people were observing them from the earth, which was moving. He argued that some planets were far away from the sun; thus, took a long time to revolve around it. Tycho Brahe (1546– 1601), a Danish astronomer, took the next significant step towards improving the idea of the sun-centered system. He suggested that Mercury and Venus revolved around the sun but that the moon, the sun and the other planets orbited round the earth (Kagan et al, 69). Brahe made scientific instruments with which he made more advanced findings of pla nets than anyone else had done. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), a German astronomer and assistant to Brahe took possession of Brahe’s table upon his demise. He believed in the Copernican heliocentric model and was deeply influenced by Renaissance Neo-Platonism, which holds the sun in peculiar honor. He let go of the circular components of the Copernicus’s model; the epicycles after he eventually realized that the sun had to be at the centre of things. Based on the findings that emerged from his study of Brahe’s work, Keppler produced the first astronomical model that portrayed motion. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) discovered that the heavens were extremely complex than anyone had ever suspected. He knew that few people possessed the knowledge, so he used his rhetorical skills to show that he was concerned with developing the facts further, and not opposing them. Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after his patron, Medici. In order to win support both for his continue d work and theories, he named the moons of Jupiter after Medici’s. Through his political skills and excellent prose, he transformed himself into a high- profile advocate of Copernicanism (Kagan et al, 428). Isaac Newton (1642-1727) had a view that inertia force applies to bodies both at rest and motion. He found out that the planets, as well as the other objects in the space moved by mutually attracting each other; and that every object affected one another through the force of gravity. This is what caused the planets to move in an organized way. Newton also believed in empiricism, a philosophical teaching that emphasized on observation of phenomena before explaining them. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was considered the founder of experimentation and empiricism in science. He worked to link science and material progress in the public mind. He believed that the world was yet to discern novel things. He also had a strong conviction that scholars paid too much attention to traditio ns and knowledge of ancient findings. Rene Descartes (1596-1650), a talented mathematician who invented the analytic geometry. He concluded that he could not doubt his own act of thinking or his own existence. He then acknowledged the existence of God. He influenced thoughts of philosophers of his time and the present. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) provided a rigorous philosophical justification for a strong central political authority. He advised people not to do unto others what

Operation and Logistics Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operation and Logistics Management - Essay Example Hence, it brings value to the firms, in the form of profits by raising its productivity and the ratio of inputs to outputs (p.3); and to customers in improving the quality of products (Klassen 2005, p.1). As a transformation process, OM evolved from the production systems used during the Industrial Revolution known as craft production where highly-skilled artisans individually manufacture goods using simple tools to produce high-quality customised products (Finch 2004, p.7). During these times however, process management was not considered as an integral concept within production, such that individual workers were given free reign on their crafts, resulting to a slow and costly production process lacking uniform standards necessary for effective and efficient operations (Stevenson 2005, p.19). It was not until Taylor’s introduction of scientific management, that processes were given attention in business operations (p.19). Adopting Taylor’s proposal that there is â€Å"one best way† to accomplish tasks workers must follow, Ford developed the â€Å"assembly line† in manufacturing his T-Model, which introduced mass production and the concept of interchangeable parts, revolutionising the automotive industry and generating tremendous cost and time savings (Finch 2004, p.8). As Ford describes it, this new manufacturing process is â€Å"constrained only by the capabilities of the workforce and existing technology† (Chase, Aquilano & Jacobs 2006, p.16). While Ford’s production processes increased productivity and efficiency, it resulted to quality deficiencies, especially when compared to Japanese products that were superior to their US counterparts. This spawned the â€Å"quality revolution†, shifting OM to focus on designing production processes that improved quality, just as much as productivity and cost-efficiency (Stevenson 2005, p.21). Apart from the growing importance of production

LISTENING ASSIGNMENT FORMAT FOR ASSIGNMENT 3 VIDEO REPORT

LISTENING FORMAT FOR 3 VIDEO REPORT - Assignment Example He does comping, which is the act of play chords in a lovely fashion that creates rhythms. The music that he plays accompanies the melodies that leave everyone satisfied. The bass players move back and forth especially when the soloist takes a break. Their main job in this piece of jazz song is to play the roots of the chords. They also lay down a great groove. In this song, they act as a stem when compared to a tree as they keep everything coordinated and together. They are the foundation, the pulse and the glue of the song. The drum players in this song act as exciters especially when approaching the climax of the song. As the soloist starts off, they introduce the rhythm accents together with other instrumentalists. In the song â€Å"just by myself† their importance is greatly seen. The horn players create a jazz atmosphere and rhythm. The sequence of the event in the song started off with the piano first played before the other instruments for the introduction of the song then the vocalist sang. The vocalist sang the song with all instruments played together at once. After the vocalist, the instruments had a solo with the vocalist taking a break. After the singer was done, the pianist was first focused followed by the guitarist, bass player, drummer, and trumpeter. First solo is guitar and piano played together with other instrument accompanying it. The guitarist used the rhythm guitar. After guitar and piano solo, the trumpet was muted giving emphasis on the other instruments. The technique d one in the performance wherein the trumpet plays quietly as the singer sings is known obbligato. At last, the singer stared singing, the trumpet was played as well, and it can be observed that both play independently. The solo was pretty successful as everything was kept synchronized and in a perfect flow. This was interesting to listen to. Moaning is an Arthur Blakely and Jazz Messengers jazz album recorded in 1958 in

Cultural Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural Context - Essay Example Nevertheless, both suicides have some semblance. Both Ben and Edna are driven majorly by acts of selfishness. It could be argued that Edna is driven to kill herself because she discovers that no one else dares to join in her overt defiance towards the day’s cultural expectations on women. Robert, for instance is able to restrain himself despite his profound love for her, while she openly mocks him over his apprehensions on adultery (Chopin, 2011). Edna feels too superior to acquiesce to societal norms or what is real. On the other hand, though it could be argued that Ben’s suicide has got little to do with society’s expectations on him, his selfishness and superiority complex is as evident in his quest as much as Edna’s. Ben never personally selected his victims yet he assigns himself the role of selecting those whom he thinks deserves to benefit from his suicide. Inasmuch as we may opt to champion for certain causes in the world, we must also acknowledg e our limitations. It is our duty to seek to involve others in our quests so that the merits and demerits of our intentions may be laid out and clarity sought.

My Tuesday with Morrie Essay Example for Free

My Tuesday with Morrie Essay Life is a class, from the day we came to the day we leave. In this class, we learn to learn, learn to live, learn to accept relationships, learn to face death, and learn to adapt to this long and fancy journey of life. Since our childhood, we constantly wonder what our futures will be. Our future life style, future career, the coming deterioration of our body functions and even death, are all in blur that whenever we think of them, we will be occupied by fear. Sometimes, we cannot help but ask: what is the feeling of death? Where will we go after we die? It is always hard for us to be easy with death because we fear it. Therefore, we rush to work hard to get what we desire within the short span of life. However, it is a pathetic fact that we are sometimes blinded and lose what we really need when pursuing what we â€Å"desire†. Even worse, we will not realize it until we are about to die. Tuesday with Morrie can help us realize it before hand. My Encounter with Tuesday with Morrie I am really grateful for this course and Miss Yang. Thank you for giving me a chance to read Tuesday with Morrie, a book that enlightened me in understanding the meaning of life. I am the same kind of people as Mitch Albom, who is always occupied by work and spare no time in other parts of life. When I was reading this book on every Thursday, I put myself in Mitch’s position. The Abstract of the Story Tuesday with Morrie tells a real story about an old professor, Morrie  Schwartz, who had been gradually paralyzed by ALS and was about to die. His student, Mitch Albom, accidently saw his professor being interviewed in the television. Shocked by the upcoming death of his dear professor, Mitch went to meet Morrie in order to grasp some time to say goodbye to the professor who inspired him during college. During the last three months, no matter how busy Mitch was, he would went to see Morrie on Tuesdays to attend Morrie’s lessons about the meanings of life. They talked a lot ranging from death, love, marriage to culture etc. Inspired by the lesson, Mitch realized that love dwarfs all the fame and fortune. Luckily, he successfully saved a precious relationship. Three Kinds of Attitudes towards Life Life is the same process for everyone which stars from birth, living to death. However, everyone has his own particular understanding of life. In my opinion, most of the attitudes towards life can be divided into three main categories. Those who have monotonous and dull lives conceive life as a process of birth, eating, drinking, sleeping, getting married, growing old and finally going to the heaven, which is apparently meaningless. The second type views life as a trade. Their theme of life is what they can obtain from life. Their spontaneous reaction to any new experience is bound to be: what it worth to me? In the world built on this kind of attitude, happiness turns out to be a competition. Most people in the modern world are living with this life style where competition and efficiency dwarf everything. The third kind of attitude expresses a theme: what I can bring into life. Their objective is to bring others happiness, which eventually will bring happiness to themselves. I admit that I am in the second category. Tuesday with Morrie taught me how to move into the third. Cherish What You Own at the Present. In Tuesday with Morrie, Professor urged us to remember a philosophy: â€Å"If youre always battling against getting older, youre always going to be unhappy, because it will happen anyhow.† Since we cannot reject it, why don’t we just ignore it and cherish what we have right now? We should enjoy every stage of our lives. When we are kids, we should enjoy playing and being an innocent kid. When we are adults, we should enjoy working hard,  giving out, embracing love and being an enthusiastic adult. When we are old, we should enjoy the peace of life and being an experienced yet calm old man or woman. As long as we accept who we are right now and learn to enjoy it, every stage is meaningful and wonderful for us. Many of us skip other processes lying in the middle but only see the very end of life and therefore rush every day to try to obtain more, more and more. This is not living. Realize What We Need In the modern world, there are innumerable people like Mitch, who was always occupied by his work, by his pursuing of fame and fortune. Though I am still a student, I have already been trapped in this kind of life style, too. Due to the countless homework and researches, I barely have time to have fun with friends or care for my families. I can obtain all I desire but I seldom feel quite happy. I was confused and could not find a way out. Morrie helped me. He said that when you learn how to die, you learn how to live. Death is a wake-up call for all of us. When faced with death, all the fortune and fame, those we desire and fight for in our whole life, become useless. There was an experiment carried out among students. They were given five stuffs, including a box of matches, a Channel perfume, an LV bag, a Benz car and a big house. Everyone was given a few million dollars and they could buy whatever they want. The result shows no one ever chose to buy the matches. However, when the professor assumed that the students were in a deserted island, all the students bought the matches. It is obviously that, compared with a box of matches, those luxuries are of no use in the deserted island. Matches can start fire to warm, to cook and to make signals. That was what they need. Nowadays, people are hard to be satisfied because they are always pursuing things much more than they actually need. If we can learn lessons from Morrie’s death or the students’ realization in the experiment, we can figure out how much we have already owned and suddenly we can get away from the depression of the constant struggle for more and start to enjoy living itself. It is a pity that the modern world encourages the second type of life style I mentioned above. A set pattern designed by the society forces us to struggle  for colleges, exams, promotions, money, marriages, houses and cars etc. It seems every one takes it for granted and has been accustomed to it. We lost our judgment. Morrie, as a man dying soon, told us that wealth could not buy happiness and contentment. Life should not have been that hard. My Changes after Reading the Book When Morrie asked Mitch to drop by every Tuesday, Mitch hesitated and said he might not be able to because he was so busy. However, he made it. After reading Morrie’s fourteen lessons on the meaning of life, I decided to learn from both Morrie and Mitch. I have to abandon my forever excuse: I am so occupied and I have no time. I started calling my parents and my sister regularly and occasionally went out with friends, as well as doing some charity works. Amazingly, it suddenly occurred to me that I am a human, a living human. Though it is hard to suddenly change from type two person to type three, who can live as wisely as Morrie, I am working on it and I am making progress.

Data Anonymization in Cloud Computing

Data Anonymization in Cloud Computing Data Anonymization Approach For Privacy  Preserving In Cloud Saranya M Abstract—Private data such as electronic health records  and banking transactions must be shared within the cloud  environment to analysis or mine data for research purposes. Data privacy is one of the most concerned issues in big data  applications, because processing large-scale sensitive data sets  often requires computation power provided by public cloud  services. A technique called Data Anonymization, the privacy  of an individual can be preserved while aggregate information  is shared for mining purposes. Data Anonymization is a  concept of hiding sensitive data items of the data owner. A  bottom-up generalization for transforming more specific data  to less specific but semantically consistent data for privacy  protection. The idea is to explore the data generalization from  data mining to hide detailed data, rather than discovering the  patterns. When the data is masked, data mining techniques  can be applied without modification. Keywords—Data Anonymization; Cloud; Bottom Up Generalization; Mapreduce; Privacy Preservation. I. INTRODUCTION Cloud Computing refers to configuring, manipulating,  and accessing the applications through online. It provides  online data storage, infrastructure and application.which is  a disruptive trend which poses a significant impact on  current IT industry and research communities [1]. Cloud  computing provides massive storage capacity computation  power and by utilizing a large number of commodity  computers together. It enable users to deploy applications  with low cost, without high investment in infrastructure. Due to privacy and security problem, numerous potential  customers are still hesitant to take advantage of cloud  [7].However, Cloud computing reduce costs through  optimization and increased operating and economic  efficiencies and enhance collaboration, agility, and scale, by  enabling a global computing model over the Internet  infrastructure. However, without proper security and  privacy solutions for clouds, this potentially cloud  computing paradigm could become a huge failure. Cloud delivery models are classified into three. They are  software as a service (saas), platform as a service (paas)  and infrastructure as a service (iaas). Saas is very similar to  the old thin-client model of software provision, clients  where usually web browsers, provides the point of access  to running software on servers.Paas provides a platform on  which software can be developed and deployed. Iaas is  comprised of highly automated and scalable computer  resources, complemented by cloud storage and network  capability which can be metered ,self-provisioned and  available on-demand[7]. Cloud is deployed using some models which include  public, private and hybrid clouds. A public cloud is one in  which the services and infrastructure are provided off-site  over the Internet. A private cloud is one in which the  services and infrastructure are maintained on a private  network. Those clouds offer a great level of security. A  hybrid cloud includes a variety of public and private  options with multiple providers. Big data environments require clusters of servers to  support the tools that process the large volumes of data,  with high velocity and with varied formats of big data. Clouds are deployed on pools of server, networking  resources , storage and can scale up or down as needed for  convenience. Cloud computing provides a cost-effective way for  supporting big data techniques and advanced applications  that drives business value. Big data analytics is a set of  advanced technologies designed to work with large  volumes of data. It uses different quantitative methods like  computational mathematics, machine learning, robotics,  neural networks and artificial intelligence to explore the  data in cloud. In cloud infrastructure to analyze big data makes sense  because Investments in big data analysis can be significant  and drive a need for efficient and cost-effective  infrastructure, Big data combines internal and external  sources as well as Data services that are needed to extract  value from big data[17]. To address the scalability problem for large scale data set  used a widely adopted parallel data processing framework  like Map Reduce. In first phase, the original datasets are  partitioned into group of smaller datasets. Now those  datasets are anonymized in parallel producing intermediate  results. In second phase, the obtained intermediate results  are integrated into one and further anonymized to achieve  consistent k-anonymous dataset. Mapreduce is a model for programming and Implementing  for processing and generating large data items. A map  function that processes a key-value pair,This generates a  set of intermediate key-value pair. A reduce function which  merges all intermediate data values associated with those  intermediate key. II. RELATED WORK Ke Wang, Philip S. Yu , Sourav Chakraborty adapts an  bottom-up generalization approach which works iteratively  to generalize the data. These generalized data is useful for  classification.But it is difficult to link to other sources. A  hierarchical structure of generalizations specifies the  generalization space.Identifying the best generalization is  the key to climb up the hierarchy at each iteration[2]. Benjamin c. M. Fung, ke wang discuss that privacy preserving  technology is used to solve some problems  only,But it is important to identify the nontechnical  difficulties and overcome faced by decision makers when  deploying a privacy-preserving technology. Their  concerns include the degradation of data quality, increased  costs , increased complexity and loss of valuable  information. They think that cross-disciplinary research is  the key to remove these problems and urge scientists in the  privacy protection field to conduct cross-disciplinary  research with social scientists in sociology, psychology,  and public policy studies[3]. Jiuyong Li,Jixue Liu , Muzammil Baig , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong proposed two classification-aware data  anonymization methods .It combines local value  suppression and global attribute generalization. The  attribute generalization is found by the data distribution,  instead of privacy requirement. Generalization levels are  optimized by normalizing mutual information for  preserving classification capability[17]. Xiaokui Xiao Yufei Tao present a technique,called  anatomy, for publishing sensitive datasets. Anatomy is the  process of releasing all the quasi-identifier and sensitive  data items directly in two separate tables. This approach  protect the privacy and capture large amount of correlation  in microdata by Combining with a grouping mechanism. A linear-time algorithm for computing anatomized tables  that obey the l-diversity privacy requirement is developed  which minimizes the error of reconstructing microdata  [13]. III. PROBLEM ANALYSIS The centralized Top Down Specialization (TDS)  approaches exploits the data structure to improve  scalability and efficiency by indexing anonymous data  records. But overheads may be incurred by maintaining  linkage structure and updating the statistic information  when date sets become large.So,centralized approaches  probably suffer from problem of low efficiency and  scalability while handling large-scale data sets. A  distributed TDS approach is proposed to address the  anonymization problem in distributed system.It  concentrates on privacy protection rather than scalability  issues.This approach employs information gain only, but  not its privacy loss. [1] Indexing data structures speeds up the process of  anonymization of data and generalizing it, because  indexing data structure avoids frequently scanning the  whole data[15]. These approaches fails to work in parallel  or distributed environments such as cloud systems since  the indexing structures are centralized. Centralized  approaches are difficult in handling large-scale data sets  well on cloud using just one single VM even if the VM has  the highest computation and storage capability. Fung et.al proposed TDS approach which produces an  anonymize data set with exploration problem on data. A  data structure taxonomy indexed partition [TIPS] is  exploited which improves efficiency of TDS, it fails to  handle large data set. But this approach is centralized  leasing to in adequacy of large data set. Raj H, Nathuji R, Singh A, England P proposes cache  hierarchy aware core assignment and page coloring based  cache partitioning to provide resource isolation and better  resource management by which it guarantees security of  data during processing.But Page coloring approach  enforces the performance degradation in case VM’s  working set doesn’t fit in cache partition[14]. Ke Wang , Philip S. Yu considers the following  problem. Data holder needs to release a version of data that  are used for building classification models. But the problem  is privacy protection and wants to protect against an  external source for sensitive information. So by adapting the iterative bottom-up generalization  approach to generalize the data from data mining. IV. METHODOLOGY Suppression: In this method, certain values of the  attributes are replaced by an asterisk *. All or some values  of a column may be replaced by * Generalization: In this method, individual values of  attributes are replaced by with a broader category. For  example, the value 19 of the attribute Age may be  replaced by ≠¤ 20, the value 23 by 20 A. Bottom-Up Generalization Bottom-Up Generalization is one of the efficient kanonymization  methods. K-Anonymity where the  attributes are suppressed or generalized until each row is  identical with at least k-1 other rows. Now database is said  to be k-anonymous. Bottom-Up Generalization (BUG)  approach of anonymization is the process of starting from  the lowest anonymization level which is iteratively  performed. We leverage privacy trade-off as the search  metric. Bottom-Up Generalization and MR Bottom up  Generalization (MRBUG) Driver are used. The following  steps of the Advanced BUG are ,they are data partition, run  MRBUG Driver on data set, combines all anonymization  levels of the partitioned data items and then apply  generalization to original data set without violating the kanonymity. Fig.1 System architecture of bottom up approach   Here a Advanced Bottom-Up Generalization approach  which improves the scalability and performance of BUG. Two levels of parallelization which is done by  mapreduce(MR) on cloud environment. Mapreduce on  cloud has two levels of parallelization.First is job level  parallelization which means multiple MR jobs can be  executed simultaneously that makes full use of cloud  infrastructure.Second one is task level parallelization  which means that multiple mapper or reducer tasks in a  MR job are executed simultaneously on data partitions. The  following steps are performed in our approach, First the  datasets are split up into smaller datasets by using several  job level mapreduce, and then the partitioned data sets are  anonymized Bottom up Generalization Driver. Then the  obtained intermediate anonymization levels are Integrated  into one. Ensure that all integrated intermediate level never  violates K-anonmity property. Obtaining then the merged  intermediate anonymized dataset Then the driver is  executed on original data set, and produce the resultant  an onymization level. The Algorithm for Advanced Bottom  Up Generalization[15] is given below, The above algorithm describes bottom-up generalization. In  ith iteration, generalize R by the best generalization Gbest . B. Mapreduce The Map framework which is classified into map and  reduce functions.Map is a function which parcels out task  to other different nodes in distributed cluster. Reduce is a  function that collates the task and resolves results into  single value. Fig.2 MapReduce Framework The MR framework is fault-tolerant since each node in  cluster had to report back with status updates and  completed work periodically.For example if a node  remains static for longer interval than the expected,then a  master node notes it and re-assigns that task to other  nodes.A single MR job is inadequate to accomplish task. So, a group of MR jobs are orchestrated in one MR driver  to achieve the task. MR framework consists of MR Driver  and two types of jobs.One is IGPL Initialization and other  is IGPL Update. The MR driver arranges the execution of  jobs. Hadoop which provides the mechanism to set global  variables for the Mappers and the Reducers. The best  Specialization which is passed into Map function of IGPL  Update job.In Bottom-Up Approach, the data is initialized  first to its current state.Then the generalizations process are  carried out k -anonymity is not violated. That is, we have to  climb the Taxonomy Tree of the attribute till required Anonymity is achieved. 1: while R that does not satisfy anonymity requirement do 2: for all generalizations G do 3: compute the IP(G); 4: end for; 5: find best generalization Gbest; 6: generalize R through Gbest; 7: end while; 8: output R; V. Experiment Evaluation To explore the data generalization from data mining in  order to hide the detailed information, rather to discover  the patterns and trends. Once the data has been masked, all  the standard data mining techniques can be applied without  modifying it. Here data mining technique not only discover  useful patterns, but also masks the private information   Fig.3 Change of execution time of TDS and BUG   Fig 3 shows the results of change in execution time of  TDS and BUG algorithm. We compared the execution time  of TDS and BUG for the size of EHR ranging from 50 to  500 MB, keeping p=1. Presenting the bottom-up  generalization for transforming the specific data to less  specific. Thus focusing on key issues to achieve quality  and scalability. The quality is addressed by trade-off  information and privacy and an bottom-up generalization  approach.The scalability is addressed by a novel data  structure to focus generalizations.To evaluate efficiency  and effectiveness of BUG approach, thus we compare  BUG with TDS.Experiments are performed in cloud  environment.These approaches are implemented in Java  language and standard Hadoop MapReduce API. VI. CONCLUSION Here we studied scalability problem for anonymizing the  data on cloud for big data applications by using Bottom Up  Generalization and proposes a scalable Bottom Up  Generalization. The BUG approach performed as  follows,first Data partitioning ,executing of driver that  produce a intermediate result. After that, these results are  merged into one and apply a generalization approach. This  produces the anonymized data. The data anonymization is  done using MR Framework on cloud.This shows that  scalability and efficiency are improved significantly over  existing approaches. REFERENCES [1] Xuyun Zhang, Laurence T. Yang, Chang Liu, and Jinjun Chen,â€Å"A  Scalable Two-Phase Top-Down Specialization Approach for Data  Anonymization Using MapReduce on Cloud†, vol. 25, no. 2,  february 2014. [2] Ke Wang, Yu, P.S,Chakraborty, S, â€Å" Bottom-up generalization: a  data mining solution to privacy protection† [3] B.C.M. Fung, K. Wang, R. Chen and P.S. Yu, â€Å"Privacy-Preserving  Data Publishing: A Survey of Recent Developments,† ACM  Comput. Surv., vol. 42, no. 4, pp.1-53, 2010. [4] K. LeFevre, D.J. DeWitt and R. Ramakrishnan, â€Å"Workload- Aware  Anonymization Techniques for Large-Scale Datasets,† ACM Trans.  Database Syst., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1-47, 2008. [5] B. Fung, K. Wang, L. Wang and P.C.K. Hung, â€Å"Privacy- Preserving  Data Publishing for Cluster Analysis,† Data Knowl.Eng., Vol.68,  no.6, pp. 552-575, 2009. [6] B.C.M. Fung, K. Wang, and P.S. Yu, â€Å"Anonymizing Classification  Data for Privacy Preservation,† IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data  Eng., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 711-725, May 2007. [7] Hassan Takabi, James B.D. Joshi and Gail-Joon Ahn, â€Å"Security and  Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments†. [8] K. LeFevre, D.J. DeWitt, and R. Ramakrishnan, â€Å"Incognito:  Efficient Full-Domain K-Anonymity,† Proc. ACM SIGMOD Int’l  Conf. Management of Data (SIGMOD ’05), pp. 49-60, 2005. [9] T. IwuchukwuandJ.F. Naughton, â€Å"K-Anonymization as Spatial  Indexing: Toward Scalable and Incremental Anonymization,† Proc.  33rdIntlConf. VeryLarge DataBases (VLDB07), pp.746-757, 2007 [10] J. Dean and S. Ghemawat, â€Å"Mapreduce: Simplified Data Processing  on Large Clusters,† Comm. ACM, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 107-113,2008. [11] Dean J, Ghemawat S. â€Å"Mapreduce: a flexible data processing tool,†Ã‚  Communications of the ACM 2010;53(1):72–77. DOI:  10.1145/1629175.1629198. [12] Jiuyong Li, Jixue Liu , Muzammil Baig , Raymond Chi-Wing  Wong, â€Å"Information based data anonymization for classification  utility† [13]X. Xiao and Y. Tao, â€Å"Anatomy: Simple and Effective Privacy  Preservation,† Proc. 32nd Int’l Conf. Very Large Data Bases  (VLDB’06), pp. 139-150, 2006. [14] Raj H, Nathuji R, Singh A, England P. â€Å"Resource management for  isolation enhanced cloud services,† In: Proceedings of the  2009ACM workshop on cloud computing security, Chicago, Illinois,  USA, 2009, p.77–84. [15] K.R.Pandilakshmi, G.Rashitha Banu. â€Å"An Advanced Bottom up  Generalization Approach for Big Data on Cloud† , Volume: 03, June  2014, Pages: 1054-1059.. [16] Intel â€Å"Big Data in the Cloud: Converging Technologies†. [17] Jiuyong Li, Jixue Liu Muzammil Baig, Raymond Chi-Wing Wong,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Information based data anonymization for classification utility†.

Reform Measures in Healthcare

Reform Measures in Healthcare Within a rapidly expanding global community, evolving economies and social structures challenge local governments to reform and revise historical practices in more supportive and efficient manners. New public sector management aligns explicit standards and objectives with a ‘hands on’ management technique dedicated to generating tangible outputs and improving efficiencies. Global leaders in such progressive policies recognize that convergence between nations as well as internal organisations continues to evolve public policy towards cohesive and translatable objectives. Recognizing the multinational variability inherent in public sector modernisation, the OECD (2003) reminds that oftentimes systemic differences and public transparency offer significant challenges to integrating such convergence methodology. Yet policy evolution challenges governing bodies to recognize the benefits of actively participating within the public sector and defining the nature of organisationa l compartmentalisation as well as establishing a participative role within a much broader multi-national enterprise. Perhaps one of the most researched models of public sector management, the health care sector offers a challenging, yet essential participle to works programmes that are increasingly becoming a staple of humanitarian necessity. Goddard and Mannion (2004) recognized that governance systems evolve around a hybrid of vertical and horizontal methods, each imposing unique performance expectations on the constructs of public programmes. The former, a mode of authoritative control from a central body, enables dissemination of ideologies and performance expectations across a broad range of coordinated operations. More autonomous by nature and open to rapid evolution, under horizontal initiatives, local programmes are responsible for performance initiatives, oftentimes competing and collaborating with their counterparts throughout the process. Both the UK and China have integrated varied representations of such programmes as modes of reforming their health care initiatives. While similarities and natural convergence exist in practice and policy, the historic path towards improved public programmes has undergone dramatically divergent modes of operation. The following sections compare and contrast such evolution, recognizing the opportunities for future reform as health care reform becomes an increasingly volatile political topic. In order to appropriately consider reform measures, government leaders must actively consider the benefits of decentralisation and potential for accountability protocol in spite of divergence. Davies, et al. (2005) challenge that it is important to the reform process to explore the advantages of increased competition prior to policy implementation; from this proactive, analytical standpoint, national leaders can actively direct their performance expectations in a result driven programme. Given the objectives of disggregation, performance contracting must integrate a multi-dimensional structure, one which becomes innate within corporate procedures, policies, and activities, and is regularly audited for compliance (Talbot, et al., 2000). Those nations who establish firm programme objectives prior to implementation will allow a variety of targeted studies, including convergence comparisons, future feasibility protocol, and concise results analysis. Within the UK reform system, the Natio nal Health Service (NHS) has been designed with performance measurement guidelines strictly integrated into its foundation. Specifically, the formation of Foundation Trusts, a type public-private partnership, has enabled regulation through achievement of performance objectives directly related to both economic and social expectations (Goddard and Mannion, 2004). A form of both vertical and horizontal control, such foundations provide for accountability along government sponsored programme lines as well as intra-network through their partnerships with other trusts. Talbot, et al. (2000) recognize that once agency control has been extended outside of the locus of governmental control, regaining oversight and returning operations to an internal government function is both difficult and oftentimes detrimental to the success of the programme. For China, however, this locus of control has presented a much more dire challenge, as redistribution of power to local authorities in the 1990â₠¬â„¢s represented a dramatic decline in health care coverage and a lack of social equity in opportunities. Historic challenges within the public sector reform initiatives are directly linked to a relaxed sphere of governmental control, one which is deeply seeded in a loss of democratic abilities, diverse and incongruous organisational formats, and coordination failures (OECD, 2004). Perhaps one of the most integral but challenging objectives of public sector reform is that of economic benefit and appropriate balances throughout a developing system. Between 1978 and 1990, the Chinese government, realising that medical subsidies were limiting economic growth, reduced government spending from 32% to 15% of GDP revenue (Blumenthal and Hsiao, 2005). Palmer (2006) notes that in the UK, health care expenses currently account for around 7 percent per annum of English GDP and is expected to increase to around 8 percent over the coming five years. In spite of the dedicated capital flow, historic Chinese health care relied on an inefficient system which was eventually devolved to local governments and provincial leaders, dramatically adjusting the available financing within poorer rural areas (Blumenthal and Hsiao, 2005). In fact, recent data from the Chinese Ministry of Health demonstrates that spending per capita throughout urban areas is over 3.5 times that of rural are as, underling the subversive mechanisms of public sector divergence and reform efforts (Chinese Health Statistical Digest, 2005). Under the reformed UK NHS system, such deficiencies are idealistically reduced through a system of weighted capitation and demand-side reform (Department of Health, 2005). The long term objective is to impose efficiency standards on PCT’s in an effort to regulate the dispersion of funding across large geographical areas. In this way, both urban and rural participants receive equitable treatment and humanitarian interests are maintained in spite of social standing. The recent revision to the Chinese health care plan boasts similar principles, placing citizen services before profit and transitioning its national healthcare system to one of non-profit status (Juan, 2008). Unfortunately, a programme which is primarily reliant on tax surplus and participant fee payments will flounder within the overwhelming needs of a rapidly expanding global power. One method that evolving governments have actualized rapid growth and economic stability is through public private partnerships and privatisation. Hsiao (1995) notes that given the radical shift away from governmental funding, market-oriented fee based systems became normative throughout China, thereby reducing the propensity of rural poor to pursue inoculations and more common medical treatments due to an overwhelming cost basis. The modern Chinese system purports a much more inclusive focus, challenging consumers to participate within the reform mechanisms and have a voice in government initiatives (China Daily News, 2008). Yet even under the reform measures within the NHS system, citizen vocalization remains a key point of debate, as a recent survey generated less than favourable results for the progress over the past several years. Ultimately, the challenge to the governing organisations is to allow a participative structure with accountability protocol for local commissioners wh o fail at their expected duties (Department of Health, 2008). Returning oversight to trusts and local authorities and expanding focus away from private finance initiatives and privately managed health care systems will continue to redress the challenges of performance achievement and social participation. Privatisation within the Chinese medical infrastructure has dramatically altered the quality and cost basis of medical services, undermining the needs of a financially burdened population, and evading governmental oversight due to limited performance evaluations and control mechanisms (Liu and Mills, 2002). Similarly, Dummer and Cook (2007) challenge that the Chinese regime moves towards a privatised and market-based economy of health care has led to inequity and inefficiency in the health service system, directly undermining the expected performance results achieved by international counterparts. Considerations within public sector often revolve around government oversight and market partnerships which sustain broad focus objectives and offer progressive reform stability. One evolution of the NHS system which has a occurred as a result of the 2004 and 2006 white papers is the introduction of community health care, and most importantly, a predictive structure which integrates both local preventative care facilities with hospital services (Palmer, 2006). Exemplary of opportunism within private practice, within its historic format, Chinese practitioners have been encouraged to utilize more sophisticated methods of diagnosis and treatment (and by nature, more costly) as government subsidies actively reduce the cost of more fundamental treatments in order to extend medical opportunities to all classes of citizens (Wagstaff and Lindelow, 2008). Lakin (2005) reminds that within developing nations, natural inadequacies within the regime structure oftentimes encourage the integration of agency initiatives and public works management. An evasion tactic, agency integration offers an exodus from bureaucratic inefficiencies, thereby benefiting both social and economic development at a much more rapid and effective pace than government oversight can offer. Under the reform mechanisms set in motion in the NHS system, general practitioners (GP’s) are offered incentives for reducing the number of unnecessary hospital referrals and maintaining an appropriate geographic area for patient distribution (Palmer, 2006). Chinese reform mechanisms challenge practitioners to ensure appropriate distribution of the patient base, limiting hospital visits to those scenarios which require complex solutions not actionable at their local clinic or GP (Juan, 2008). The nature of reform is one which continues to evolve as public interest and more efficient solutions become visible through experience and convergence. The OECD in their 2004 Policy Brief reminds that the impetus for public administration should be one founded on governance and not the narrowed and limiting principles of managerial oversight. This secondary nature defines the nature of policy implementation, and as public programmes are expanded to include private partnerships, governance becomes a fundamental utility which is directly linked to well defined performance categories. In the 1970’s over 90% of rural Chinese workers were covered by the cooperative medical system (CMS), most of who lived within 1.5 km from a township health centre (Dummer and Cook, 2007). Other schemes, the labour insurance scheme (LIS) and the government insurance scheme (GIS) covered the broad scope of other Chinese citizens in varied employ, ensuring that medical coverage was generally free and government subsidised (Dummer and Cook, 2007). Figures show that by 2003, 80% of China’s population (640 million people) lacked health insurance and even those who were represented by agency coverage were increasingly challenged to cover a higher percentage of their own medical expenses (Anson and Sun, 2002). Similar challenges have evolved throughout the reform process of the NHS system, as available resources are inefficiently distributed among the population resulting in increased waiting times and misdirection of care due to resource allocation. Researchers note that within the current NHS reform mechanisms, the vertical alignment of performance creates an inequitable system within which primary care trusts (PCT’s) are challenged to meet efficiency expectations outside of their capacity (Palmer, 2006). Each representing a unique and politically charged challenge within the scheme of socio-economic expansion, the case studies of both the UK and China offer remarkable insight to the volatile and unpredictable world of public health care programmes. Ultimately, the nature of convergence, an informed collaboration across international borders will install comparable programmes within each system of operation; however, the nature of social and political environments ensures that public sector management techniques will remain unique to each governmental agency. Specific opportunities for policy reform do linger within each political structure, challenging conventional techniques and perceptions to evolve to meet public demand. First and foremost, the continued partnership with private enterprise will enable rapid evolution of public programmes for both nations in spite of their stages of development. By nature, the capitalisation of government programmes is dependent on the support of t he public; recognizing this frailty, government partnerships will continue to offer modes of revenue generation without directly affecting a hypersensitive community. Secondly, equity across geographic areas is essential to the principles of supportive health care programmes. The failures within both structures are inherent in the definition of equity itself, in that it can no longer be taken as a literal term. Communities with larger populations must be availed of a larger budget for health care provision; whereas those communities who are more rural and of smaller makeup may receive a more limited budget, the opportunity for expanding such funding given varied annual trends should be readily available. Finally, global insight recognizes that preventative care is a means to life preservation and progressive health care practices which fundamentally improve health by active methodology. Both nations already recognize the substantial cost savings from reducing the number of practitio ner visits through preventative awareness and care; therefore, revised programmes should place this educated perspective at the forefront of policy, actively ensuring that doctors and care providers are able to encourage such opportunities for wellbeing. While fully integrated convergence in a globalised community is an unrealistic ideal, the potential for collaborative development and multi-national partnership remains a worthy accompaniment to foreign policy. As health care programmes evolve and reform worldwide, the nature of humanity is one of wariness and rejection; through new public sector management practices, the potential for rapid assimilation and supportive expansion becomes a readily attuned mode of unprecedented participation. References Anson, O; Sun, S. (2002) â€Å"Gender and Health in Rural China: Evidence from HeBei Province.† Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 55, pp. 1039-1054. Bluementhal, D; Hsiao, W. â€Å"Privatization and its Discontents—The Evolving Chinese Health Care System.† The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 353, No. 11, pp. 1165-1170. â€Å"China’s Health Care Reform Focuses on Public Service.† (2008) China Daily, April 15th, Accessed on 8/2/08 From: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-04/15/content_6619372.htm. â€Å"Chinese Health Statistical Digest.† (2005) Chinese Ministry of Health. Davies, Lesley; Wright, Kathryn; Price, Catherine W. (2005) â€Å"Experience of Privatisation, Regulation, and Competition: Lessons for Governments.† Economic and Social Research Council, Centre for Competition Policy, Working Paper 05-5. Dummer, T.J.B; Cook, I.G. (2007) â€Å"Exploring China’s Rural Health Crisis: Processes and Policy Implications.† Health Policy, Vol. 83, pp. 1-16. â€Å"Engagement Analysis: NHS Next Stage Review, What We Heard From the Our NHS, Our Future, Process.† (2008) Department of Health, July, Accessed on 8/02/08 From: http://www.dh.gov.uk/publications. Goddard, Maria; Mannion, Russell. (2004) â€Å"The Role of Horizontal and Vertical Approaches to Performance Measurement and Improvement in the UK Public Sector.† Public Performance and Management Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, September, pp. 75-95. â€Å"Health Reform in England: Update and Next Steps.† (2005) Department of Health, Press Release, 2005/0445, 13th of December. Hsiao, W. (1995) â€Å"The Chinese Health Care System: Lessons for Other Nations.† Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 1047-1055. Juan, Shan. (2008) â€Å"Equity Main Aim of Health Care Reform.† China Daily, March 14th, Accessed on 8/02/08 From: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008npc/2008-03/14/content_6535754.htm. Laking, Rob. (2005) â€Å"Agencies: Their Benefits and Risks.† OECD Journal on Budgeting, Vol. 4, No. 4. Liu, X; Mills, A. (2002) â€Å"Financing Reforms of Public Health Services in China: Lessons for Other Nations.† Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 54, pp. 1691-1698. Palmer, Keith. (2006) â€Å"NHS Reform: Getting Back on Track.† London: King’s Fund, Accessed on 8/2/08 From: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications. â€Å"Public Sector Modernisation.† (2003) OECD, Policy Brief, October. â€Å"Public Sector Modernisation: Changing Organisational Structures.† (2004) OECD, Policy Brief, September. â€Å"Public Sector Modernisation: Modernising Public Employment.† (2004) OECD, Policy Brief, July. Talbot, Colin; Pollitt, Christopher; Bathgate, Karen; Caulfield, Janice’ Reilly, Adrian; Smullen, Amanda. (2000) â€Å"The Idea of Agency: Researching the Agencification of the (Public Service) World.† Washington, D.C.: American Political Studies Association Conference, August. Wagstaff, Adam; Lindelow, Magnus. (2008) â€Å"Can Insurance Increase Financial Risk? The Curious Case of Health Insurance in China.† Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 27, pp. 990-1005.

Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Friend Georganna's admirers--and that's everyone who knew her--savor the mile we walked with her. Each of us has special incidents we want to recount. We have compiled a few of these memories that we believe best illustrate the unique personality of our dynamic friend. Georganna was always determined, sometimes outraged, but rarely sad. Enjoy these stories. As long as we have them in our hearts, we have George. At the Team Spirit Leadership Conference George roomed with Heather, Tatum and Erica. She was always the First one up--usually by 4:00a.m. BUT she was always the LAST one ready! On the French Trip to Louisiana George slept in those teal green, silk pajamas whiles everyone else slept in shorts or sweats! But that was George. She dressed up for school every day like she was going off to New York. Shawn always said George was in a time warp because he was wearing clothes from another generation! George was the "Debate Queen"--that's what everyone called her. On the bus trip to Louisiana George climbed over the seats to view her opinion on at least five different issues! She would never back down. When George started to go off about an issue during class or on the weekend, Ryan, Shawn, and all the guys would hiss (like the wind was blowing). Georganna would just roll her eyes at them and smile. Georganna loved to read. Everyone always teased her about those "smut" novels! She could read a different one every day. During Flag Core practice Georganna's freshman year, Katrina accidentally hit Georganna on the head with her flag--but Georganna really got upset and chased Katrina around the entire school with the flag pole! Georganna loved chocolate--and she'd get sooo hyper when she ate it! Taco Bell was also her favorite. She could be found there every weekend with different friends. Kenny Samples was bored one day and went through George's purse. He bit her drivers license and credit cards and actually left teeth marks on them. George often showed them to her friends and laughed about it. One night Tatum, Kristie, Daren, Micah, and George went on a yard-rolling spree. Amanda pulled into her driveway as they were rolling her yard. They were running off and George started picking up the rolls of toilet paper. She said, "We might can use them later!" She had also insisted on color coordinating the paper before it was bought! Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Friend Georganna's admirers--and that's everyone who knew her--savor the mile we walked with her. Each of us has special incidents we want to recount. We have compiled a few of these memories that we believe best illustrate the unique personality of our dynamic friend. Georganna was always determined, sometimes outraged, but rarely sad. Enjoy these stories. As long as we have them in our hearts, we have George. At the Team Spirit Leadership Conference George roomed with Heather, Tatum and Erica. She was always the First one up--usually by 4:00a.m. BUT she was always the LAST one ready! On the French Trip to Louisiana George slept in those teal green, silk pajamas whiles everyone else slept in shorts or sweats! But that was George. She dressed up for school every day like she was going off to New York. Shawn always said George was in a time warp because he was wearing clothes from another generation! George was the "Debate Queen"--that's what everyone called her. On the bus trip to Louisiana George climbed over the seats to view her opinion on at least five different issues! She would never back down. When George started to go off about an issue during class or on the weekend, Ryan, Shawn, and all the guys would hiss (like the wind was blowing). Georganna would just roll her eyes at them and smile. Georganna loved to read. Everyone always teased her about those "smut" novels! She could read a different one every day. During Flag Core practice Georganna's freshman year, Katrina accidentally hit Georganna on the head with her flag--but Georganna really got upset and chased Katrina around the entire school with the flag pole! Georganna loved chocolate--and she'd get sooo hyper when she ate it! Taco Bell was also her favorite. She could be found there every weekend with different friends. Kenny Samples was bored one day and went through George's purse. He bit her drivers license and credit cards and actually left teeth marks on them. George often showed them to her friends and laughed about it. One night Tatum, Kristie, Daren, Micah, and George went on a yard-rolling spree. Amanda pulled into her driveway as they were rolling her yard. They were running off and George started picking up the rolls of toilet paper. She said, "We might can use them later!" She had also insisted on color coordinating the paper before it was bought!

Relationships in Norman MacLeans A River Runs Through It Essay

Relationships in Norman MacLean's A River Runs Through It "Eventually the watcher joined the river, and there was only one of us. I believe it was the river." The river that Norman Maclean speaks of in A River Runs Through It works as a connection, a tie, holding together the relationships between Norman and his acquaintances in this remote society. Though "It" is never outwardly defined in the novella there is definite evidence "It" is the personality of the people and that the river is running through each individual personality acting as the simple thread connecting this diverse group of people. With the help of the river these Montana residents are able to teach as well as learn from each other. Since the time of the Indians, fathers have been teaching sons the ways of the river and the Maclean family is no different. Paul and Norman learn from a young age first how to pray, read the Bible, and then fly fish from their father. For the Maclean family "there is no clear line between religion and fly-fishing" and their father is a Presbyterian preacher who incorporates all these lessons into the river. He carefully transitions from telling them "about Christ's disciples being fishermen" to teaching them "to approach the art (of fly-fishing) Marine- and Presbyterian- style" alongside the river. Along this river his sons receive "as many hours of instruction in fly fishing as in all other spiritual matters" making the river a pivotal part of everyday life. "Although Paul was three years younger than Norman?he was already far ahead in anything relating to fishing" by their early teens. Paul quickly passes Norman and his father in skillful fishing but more than that he acquired more style. His father... ...y and as expected Norman "is blamed for Neal." Norman is able to put his anger quickly behind him however, when he and Paul go on a fishing trip to "recuperate." He looks to "fishing for the healing effects of the cool waters" of the river. He quickly becomes lost in his fishing, so completely that he becomes "totally composed of thoughts about the Elkhorn River, the weather, and a mythological fish" and not a single thought of his dying anger. Characters are bound to each other by the river and through their common love of the river. Sometimes the only thing they have in common is this mutual love. This Montana community is entwined in the river that runs through it. All the characters obviously feel the same as Norman when he says "I also became the river." Work Cited MacLean, Norman. A River Runs Through It. University of Chicago Press, 1989.

Fast Food Should Not Be Sold in Schools

Byamba Mr. Cahill ENG 101 STLCC 11 October 2012 Fast food should not be sold in schools Fast food is a breakfast, lunch or dinner choice for many people on a daily basis. It is used as an option to save time, or to satisfy taste and portions. But, what about the health consequences? People know that fast food is not synonymous with healthy living, but many forget this thought process when they are at the counter. Unfortunately, eating fast food on a daily basis does have an adverse effect on children’s health, such as obesity and lack of nutrients.Therefore, fast food should not be sold in schools. Obesity surpasses smoking in healthcare costs and impact on chronic illness and is on the rise in every country in the world. It is spurred on by thousands of years of evolution that have crafted humans into beings that seek out sugar, fat and calories and is caused by a toxic food environment that offers up food as never before. The most startling victims are children. The food ind ustry is granted free and free access to children.Every day, one-third of American children and youth eat fast food, and it contributes to close to one-fifth of their entire diets, according to research reported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation website. An article in Rolling Stone magazine states that 96 % of U. S. schoolchildren can identify Ronald McDonald; topped only by Santa Claus who is more widely recognized. This familiarity represents just how ingrained fast food is in the U. S. psyche. Early concern about childhood obesity centered on its role in the predicting adult obesity and hence adult diseases.The author of a book â€Å"Food fight† said seventy percent of obese children become obese adult; obesity in children is related to risk for disease as much as fifty years later. He also mentions that clustering of risk factors for heart disease known as insulin resistance syndrome, now identified in children as young as five years old. Children may be at risk for h igh blood pressure when eating salty junk food such as potato chips, French fries, pretzels, pizza and burritos. Junk food can lead to nutritional deficiencies when children eat it.Fast-food menus are big on too much protein, fat, sodium and sugar, which displace many of the beneficial nutrients that children need for health every day, including fiber. Dietary fiber is found in fruits, vegetables and grains, with only small amounts retained in refined grains, or white rice and white flour. Burgers, sandwiches, and breading for fried food incorporate refined white flour buns, rolls and bread crumbs. French-fried potatoes provide adequate fiber but too much fat and sodium. Common vegetable ingredients such as tomatoes and onions represent the low end of the fiber scale.Low fiber intake is linked with greater incidence of cancer, heart disease and constipation. In one sentence, eating fast food meals regularly may mean that you fail to meet your body's requirement of eating 2 to 2 1/2 cups of fruits and vegetables and 3 cups of dairy. Vegetables and fruits give you vitamins and minerals, while dairy provides you with calcium and protein. Some people think that there is nothing wrong with selling fast food in schools. They say it is convenient, cheap and tasty.Convenience foods, or foods that require no preparation or traditional cooking by busy mothers trying to juggle a full time job with looking after a family are equally as unhealthy and unwholesome as the burgers and pizzas you get from fast food outlets. Foods that are processed and made into what can best be described as ready meals often contain few in any nutritional ingredients. They are bulked out with pasta, breadcrumbs, corn flour, processed potato, processed egg and milk products as well as hydrogenated vegetable oil, saturated fats, gums, sugar substitutes etc. and then made to taste good by the addition of herbs and spices, salt, monosodium glutamate and sugars. They also contain artificial colours and preservatives as well as some artificial flavorings just to complete the unhealthy package. Some people may think the dollar menu is cheap, but it isn’t cheaper to eat highly processed food: a typical order for a family of four, for example, two Big Macs, a cheeseburger, six chicken McNuggets, two medium and two small fries, and two medium and two small sodas — costs about $28 at the McDonald’s.People can serve a roasted chicken with vegetables along with a simple salad and milk for about $14, and feed four people. If that’s too much money, substitute a meal of rice and canned beans with bacon, green peppers and onions; it’s easily enough for four people and costs about $9. In addition, eating fast food causes to increase obesity which leads to cost lots of money. Overweight individuals have 36 percent higher inpatient and outpatient and 77 percent higher medication costs. Food Fight, p45) It increases risk for many serious diseases, can be di sabling, and has a very negative impact on the quality of person’s life. Also, fast food is a waste of money because you are buying a lot of calories, fat and sodium but getting very little nutrition in return. Apparently some people get addicted to the taste of popular fast food because it contains just the right mixture of fat, sugar and salt to set off the pleasure chemicals in the brain.Experiments carried out on lab rats showed that when they were fed a diet that consisted of 25% sugar and then the sugar is removed, the rats become anxious, their teeth start to chatter and they suffer with the shakes – not unlike people going through a nicotine or morphine withdrawal. (The New York Times, 2011)The researchers also noticed long lasting changes in brain chemistry of rats fed with foods that had a combination of sweet, salt and fat in, which led them to conclude that there was a possibility that people too could see brain changes and become physically addicted to eat ing fast food.Another article on The Washington Post states that: â€Å"Highly palatable† foods — those containing fat, sugar and salt — stimulate the brain to release dopamine, the neurotransmitter associated with the pleasure center, he found. In time, the brain gets wired so that dopamine pathways light up at the mere suggestion of the food, such as driving past a fast-food restaurant, and the urge to eat the food grows insistent.Once the food is eaten, the brain releases opioids, which bring emotional relief. Together, dopamine and opioids create a pathway that can activate every time a person is reminded about the particular food. This happens regardless of whether the person is hungry. (The Washington Post, April 27, 2009) Eating fast food once in a while, that is once or twice a month won’t matter at all, but having a habit of eating this kind of food can lead to serious consequences.The absence of healthy food alternatives is one of the factors le ading to an alarming increase in childhood obesity rates across the United States. Schools would like to protect children instead must sell soft drinks and snack foods to function. For example, the cafeterias in the schools should offer to school children less bacon and more broccoli, fewer hot dogs and more whole grains, less ice cream and more fruits, less sodas and more water. This does not imply that children should never touch bacon, hot dogs, sodas, or ice cream, ut rather that changing the balance of some foods relative to others is a means of improving America’s health. Today, nearly one-third of children and teens are overweight or obese. Growing evidence suggests that strong, far-reaching changes—those that make healthy foods available in schools are working to reduce childhood obesity rates. Asking children to avoid fast food is like asking them to save money for retirement. Instead, we can balance it by limiting fast food consumption in schools.

Should English Be the Medium of Instruction in Sri Lankan Universities

Should incline be the strong point of pedagogics in Sri Lankan Universities Medium of teaching method is a delivery engaged in teaching. It lily-whitethorn or may non be the official lyric poem of the country or territory. Where the world-class linguistic communication of students is different from the official expression, it may be apply as the mediocre of instruction for part or solely of schooling and universities multilingual or multilingual study may involve the use of more than adept lyric poem of instruction. UNESCO makes that providing friendship in a childs niggle glossa is indeed a critical impressionNative-language instruction is the practice of teaching schoolchildren in their primordial-born language instead of in the official language of their country of residence. An side of meat intermediate study system is single that uses face as the primary medium of instruction in particular where slope is non the mother tongue of the students . Because a working knowledge of side of meat is perceive as being valu equal, many states passim the world where incline is not the overabundant language encourage or order the use of English as the usual medium of instruction. bilingualist rearing involves teaching faculty member content in two languages, in a aborigine and secondary language with varying amounts of each language utilize in accordance with the program model. at that place be two bearings of Bilingual education. First matchless is Transitional Bilingual Education. This involves education in a childs native language, typic exclusivelyy for no more than trio years, to ensure that students do not top potty in content argonas same mathematics, intuition, and social studies while they are splitment English.Research has shown that many of the skills corresponded in the native language locoweed be transferred soft to the second language later. The goal is to succor students transition to mainst ream, English- scarcely classrooms as quickly as possible, and the linguistic goal of such programs is English acquisition only. In a transitional bilingual program, the students primary language is used as a vehicle to break come forth literacy skills and acquire academic knowledge. It is used to bugger off literacy and academic skills in the primary language. mho one is Two-Way or two-fold Language Immersion Bilingual Education.These programs are designed to help native and non-native English speakers become bilingual and bi-literate. The two-party bilingual immersion program has 90% of the instruction manual in grade 1 in minority language which is less support by the broader society and 10% in the majority language . This proportion step by step changes in the majority language until the political program is equally divided in two the language by 5th grade. The two-way bilingual immersion program is base on the principle of clear syllabus separation of the two languag es of instruction.Teachers do not repeat or translate the paper matter in second language further strengthen concepts taught in one language across the two languages in a spiral curriculum in order to provide cognitive challenge. The languages of instruction manual are alternated by theme or content area. This type of immersion is demand to develop the dual language proficiency, as social language can be mastered in couple of years, but a higher level of cleverness is required to read social studies texts or solve mathematics word problems, most around 5 to 7 years.This try attempts to take into account of divergent views to escape with Should English be the medium of instruction in Sri Lankan Universities. . The debate on English as a medium of instruction in tertiary level education was always carried out among the Sri Lankan society. Majority claims that who can never speak English with the phase of adequacy or fluency is not survived in the job arena of the white collar s. Almost the orphic domain investors basic requirement is the employees should be able to communicate with the mediation language of the globe.When we consider about trading with other countries, tourism, IT orbit and the other areas of high salary remunerative employment opportunities govern by the quite a little with the command in English. Or at least they know how to deal with the language and the opportunity they involved with. And jobs in the private sector which require functioning knowledge of English have enabled migration across the globe. However, one can point out the deface in the system which restricts the benefits of the migration to 8-10% English discourse elite and middle class of the replete(p) population in Sri Lanka.Some view English as an elitist urban cultural value, derived from the west, which is obligate on the nation. This argument sees English as a language left behind by the whites and claims that cultural and linguistic authenticity is tied to thinking, speaking and writing only in vernacular languages. The argument as swell as suggests that if the academia shifts to English it might well(p) the death knell for native languages as there will be less and fewer literary works in native languages.The general obsession with English and with the notion of sophistication attached to the language has been a major cause of augment divisions and psychological distress among the youth. University drop out rates can potentially increase among the students with weaker English skills. The above arguments tend to excerpt their inspiration from the fact that countries like lacquer have done remarkably well in spite of a dead set(predicate) emphasis on retaining their native languages so far among children of the internet age.However, most works of science and human studies have, unfortunately, not been documented in Sri Lankan national languages to place complete cartel on the local medium flush if we were to agree with the above arguments to do international with English. Developing our languages to convey higher education is important but depriving people of the entre to the knowledge systems in English is not correct. It is important to invest in education in our country to create resources to impart the language skills required to fully give the educational opportunities offered in English.To take a pragmatic view, introduction of English at an early stage in childrens education is necessary without being positive on the native languages. Perhaps we should ascertain to the European Union in this regard, to develop multilingual skills without compromising on the native character of individual nation. Some Sri lankans are firmly convinced that the only way to come upon English properly is to learn everything else through English.This is contrary to logic and certify both in Sri lanka and around the world. Children in every country today learn English, but they learn it as a foreign language, and learn it well, in all countries where English is not the native tongue. bowl over countries like Korea, Japan, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Brazil and China. They have economies that are better than most. Their schools teach English, but employ their own mother tongues as the medium of instruction. Koreas population is equal to Sri Lanka.The Scandinavian countries are comparable, less in population size, to Sri Lanka Their languages inhabit vibrant, they create new knowledge and writings in their own languages and produce Nobel boodle winners and world-beating companies. Of course, they also learn English, the de facto world language. but in colonized Sri Lanka, nowhere do people believe that unless they abandon their mother tongue and embrace English as the sole language of instruction, their future is doomed.

Employee Satisfaction

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT EMBA, second BATCH, 4TH SEMESTER ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, KUSHTIA BANGLADESH A interrogation PROPOSAL BY (Monirul islam) (Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) (Jahangir Alam) ID none 1102050711 ID no(prenominal) 1102050713 ID nary(prenominal) 102050722 EMBA, second mound EMBA, second Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch fourth Semester quaternary Semester 4th Semester netmail netmailprotected com e-mailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com electric cell no. 1818306151 booth No. 01711210710 Cell No. 01550151433 (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01550151433 SUPERVISOR Prof. Dr. Md. Zakaria Rahman Chairman, plane section of Management, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh. Cell Phone01711501307 mobilise+88-071-62021-6 Extn. 2278,2296,2481 (Off. ) E-mail emailprotected com Webwww. iubd. net promulgation We decl be that the proffer we be submitting for judicial decision contains no section copied in strong or in part from some(prenominal) other source unless explicitly set in quotation marks and with detailed, polish off and accurate referencing. (Monirul islam) (Howlader Md. Abu Saleh Jongi) (Jahangir Alam) ID No. 1102050711 ID No. 1102050713 ID No. 102050722 EMBA, 2nd Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester 4th Semester 4th Semester emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01818306151 Cell No. 01711210710 Cell No. 1550151433 (Saiful islam) ID No. 1102050704 EMBA, 2nd Batch 4th Semester emailemailprotected com Cell No. 01550151433 i Contents 1 INRODUCTION scalawag 1 1. 1 The task relation 1 1. 2 draw a bead on of the reflect 1 1. The objectives of the study 1 1. 4 Research questions 2 1. 5 Scope of the Research 2 2 THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 2 2. Research traffic pattern 2 2. 2 Data reference point 2 2. 3 Data army Techniques 2 2. 4 Sample Techniques 3 2. Data Analysis and Interpre tation 3 3 spend a penny PLAN 3 4 REFERENCES 3 ii statute title AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF HANDLOOM INDUSTRY AT KUMARKHALI, KUSHTIA trine 1.INTRODUCTION The Handloom industriousness is the ancient and the most in-chief(postnominal) cottage industriousness of Bangladesh. This indus test has gobs of glorious past. Once upon a time, The Handloom industries were the hardly source of human clothing. Still now, this area meets a portion of the total apparel production of Bangladesh. This sector provides employment many a(prenominal) people still now. But this industry now faces threat of extinction because of discordant barriers which made us to develop this study over the handloom industry of Kumarkhali, Kushtia, Bangladesh. 1. The Problem Statement What are the problems of Handloom Industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia and what could be the thinkable solution of the problems of such industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 2The purpose of the Research The master(prenomi nal) purpose of this research is to meet the fond(p) fulfillment of Master of fear system Degree on Management, Islamic University Kushtia, Bangladesh and canvas the real problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia in order to find out the possible solution of the problem depending on the factors that would be investigated.This study may be an all important(p) tool for further study on the problems of the handloom industry at Kumarkhali, Kushtia. 1. 3The objectives of the study ( To divulge the problems lie in the production exhibit. ( To send the problems in distribution of handloom products. ( To identify the problems associated with direct skill. ( To identify the problems associated with government support. ( To identify the problems associated with the organizing readiness ( To identify the level of demand of these products in trade. To identify the immediate competitors of this sector. ( To identify the probable market. Page1 1. 4The research questio ns ( What are the problems lie in the production process? ( What are the problems in distribution of handloom products? ( What are the problems associated with level skill? ( What are the problems associated with government support? ( What are the problems associated with the organizing Capability? ( How much(prenominal) demand of these products in market? ( Who are the immediate competitors of this sector? ( Where the potential market of handloom products? 1. Scope of the Research This research bequeath try to answer the problem pedagogy as stated. This research location entrust be Tebaria, Sherkandi Alongipara Gopalpur under Kumarkhali Upazilla, Kushtia, Bangladesh. We testament try to nail down the topic as much as possible. The ability of natural presence in the stated locations go forth provide the in-depth scope of the research. 2. THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 2. 1Research see Quantitative research method bequeath be basic research design. For this, on spot survey testam ent be carried out. The handloom weavers will be the main respondent of the research. 2. Data sources Both of the Primary information and secondary info will be the information source of the research. The people of the selected locations who are directly involved in handloom weave will be the source of first data. Opinion of the local government representatives will be taken into account as secondary data source. 2. 3Data call forion techniques non-homogeneous techniques will be used to collect the data. For this oral question of the respondent will be taken. A prescribed questionnaire (having incorporate and open questions) will be supplied to the separately respondent to answer the specific questions. 2. sampling techniques All the families involved in handloom twine in the selected locations will be commonwealth of the research. all(prenominal) will be toughened as a sample. Maximum possible families will be taken as sample on random basis. Each elements of each sa mple will be interviewed and prescribed questionnaire will be supplied to them in order to answer the questions. 2. 5Data analysis and recitation The gathered data through interview and questionnaire will be analyzed and interpret using suitable statistical tools such as tables, chart, percentage, probability, correlation etcetera 3. WORK PLAN STEPS IN THE search PLAN DEADLINE FOR COMPLETION Submission of the proposal By 31 August 2012 radiation diagram of a research plan By 10 folk 2012 Design of questionnaire By 15 September 2012 Interviews/posting of questionnaires, etc. By 16 30 September 2012 Raw tabulations/draft analysis of data By 01-07 October 2012 Final Analysis of data By 08-15 October 2012 Report up of findings By 16-20 October 2012 Final Report By 21-31 October 2012 entry As per Schedule date of University ** roleplay plan may be changed depending on situation or as per requirements of Supervisor. References 1 . Business Research Methods, 8th edition, Zikmund Babin Carr Griffin 2. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social-research 3. http//www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/HT/K_0319. HTM 4. http//www. kumarkhali. com/index. php? plectrum=com_content&view=article&id=41%3Aabout-kumarkhali-powroshova-&catid=32%3Akumarkhali&Itemid=52 5. http//www. thedailystar. net/lifestyle/2005/07/01/centre. htm Page2 Page3