Importance of the Journey in James Joyce’s Dubliners Essay

Importance of the Journey in James Joyce’s Dubliners In Ireland the inevitable never happens and the unexpected constantly occurs. Sir John Pentland Mahaffy describes Ireland in a way comparable to James Joyce’s depiction of Ireland in his book Dubliners. Joyce wrote his book of short stories to show how he viewed Dublin and its inhabitants. Joyce did not have positive memories of Dublin and his book casts a negative image upon almost all of Dublin. In Dubliners, James Joyce uses characters and their journeys through society to give his perception of Dublin. In Joyce’s stories with journeys there are many unknown elements to the characters and often their original goals are not accomplished. One story where a character goes on a†¦show more content†¦The boys are so scared that they flee from the old man at their first opportunity and run back home. The old man’s actions also show Joyce’s perception of Dublin. The man shows that there are a lot of unknown and peculiar people in Dublin. The chance of meeting an old man in a wide-open field The old man’s erratic personality and peculiar placement shows Joyce’s perception of some people in Dublin. Another story that has unknown aspects is the story â€Å"Clay.† In â€Å"Clay,† a woman experiences society on a journey to a party with some old friends. One unknown that she experiences is the people that she meets along the way. The first person that she comes in contact with is an old man on the train. The man seems friendly and nice but as they continue talking she begins to think that the man is drunk. Again Joyce uses unknown people in society to show another aspect of Dublin. Two older people meet on a train and have a nice conversation, but as it turns out the old man is drunk and almost tried to hit on her at the end of their ride together. Throughout all of Joyce’s use of unknown stories there are some common characteristics. The most common unknown are the people in society that our protagonists come in contact with. In both â€Å"Clay† and â€Å"An Encounter† characters meet someone simply described as â€Å"an old man.† The name old man has many negative connotations. â€Å"Old man† makes the reader think of a social outcast or someoneShow MoreRelated Compare and Contrast: ‘A desirable society’ Essay2015 Words   |  9 PagesBoth Andre Brink’s ‘A Dry White Season’ and James Joyce’s ‘The Dead’ display two very different societies undergoing artistic, cultural and political transitions. In 1914, Ireland saw the Nationalist party at its peak, where Irish society was desperately searching for a sense of cultural identity and political stability. Joyce takes an apolitical approach in order to objectively show Dublin to his fellow Du bliners in his ‘nicely polished looking glass.’ Andre Brink, in comparison, documents a temporalRead MoreAlienation of Araby Essay1884 Words   |  8 PagesAlienation of Araby Although Araby is a fairly short story, author James Joyce does a remarkable job of discussing some very deep issues within it. On the surface it appears to be a story of a boys trip to the market to get a gift for the girl he has a crush on. Yet deeper down it is about a lonely boy who makes a pilgrimage to an eastern-styled bazaar in hopes that it will somehow alleviate his miserable life. James Joyces uses the boy in Araby to expose a story of isolation and lack of controlRead More Themes of Alienation and Control in James Joyces Araby Essay examples1849 Words   |  8 PagesAlienation of â€Å"Araby† Although â€Å"Araby† is a fairly short story, author James Joyce does a remarkable job of discussing some very deep issues within it. On the surface it appears to be a story of a boys trip to the market to get a gift for the girl he has a crush on. Yet deeper down it is about a lonely boy who makes a pilgrimage to an eastern-styled bazaar in hopes that it will somehow alleviate his miserable life. James Joyce’s uses the boy in â€Å"Araby† to expose a story of isolation and lack of controlRead MoreJoyces Araby: a Double Focus Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagesinner awareness and the boys first step into manhood. On another hand the story consists of a grown mans remembered experience, for the story is told in retrospect by a man who reflects back to a particular moment of intense meaning and insight. James Joyces fascinating double focus: the boys first experience, and the mans reflection to the unforgotten moments of his childhood provides for the dramatic re ndering of a simple story of first love told by a narrator who, with his wider adult vision,Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageswhere the major crisis, or turning point of the narrative actually occurs. Nor is there any special reason that the crisis should occur at or near the middle of the plot. It can, in fact, occur at any moment. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and in a number of the other companion stories in â€Å"Dubliners† the crisis – in the form of a sudden illumination that Joyce called an epiphany – occurs at the very end of the story, and the falling action and the resolution are dispensed with altogether. Exposition and complication

Policies On Cuba Essay - 1888 Words

Policies on Cuba In Juan Rulfos novel, Pedro Paramo, the reader follows a dusty road to a town of death, where the following is said ÓUp and down the hill we went, but always descending . We had left the hot wind behind and were sinking into pure, airless heat. The stillness seem to be waiting for someone. ÔIts hot here Ô I said ÔYou might say, but this is nothing. My companion relied. ÔTry to take it easy. Youll feel it even more when we get to Comala. That town sits on the coals of the Earth, at the very mouth of Hell. They say that when people from there die and go to Hell, they come back for blankets.Ó nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This was the view many Americans had of Cuba in the late fifties and sixties. Cuba was seen as†¦show more content†¦Cuba and the Soviet Union started a relationship in which Cuba benefited the most. Like many relationships, Cubas and the Soviet Unions ended after thirty years of Cold War with the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the economic stability of Cuba. In 1991 as the Soviet Union disappeared and the former Eastern Bloc countries struggled for their own existence the future of Cuba once again was questioned. Subsidies, favorable trade agreements, economic and military aid from these countries disappeared. In the early 90s Cuba lost their only major economic connection to the outside world. By 1992 the total value of trade turnover (imports plus exports) with Eastern Bloc countries had been reduced to 7% of what it had been just 3 years previously. The price of its two major exports, sugar and nickel had dropped 20 and 28 per cent, respectively, on the world market. At this time the United States instead of offering Castro a dignified way out of Cubas massive problems by loosening the 30 year old trade embargo instead insisted on furthering tightening it with the 1992 Cuba Democracy Act. This act not only made it more difficult for American companies to deal with Cuba but also set out to punish foreign companies that had dealings with the island nation. As Communism fell in Europe and Asian Communist countries started to become a little more open once again the death of Fidel Castros Cuba was being predicted as the United States led another attack on its economicShow MoreRelatedU.s. Policy Toward Cuba2117 Words   |  9 PagesThe U.S. policy toward Cuba From 1960 to 2014, placed a harsh embargo on trade and economic assistance to Cuba. Most Americans are unaware, of the full reach of the embargo excluding Cuba from economic, humanitarian and business programs that the U.S. has instituted or participated, to provide economic benefits to the other Caribbean and Latin American nations. Reaching that juncture to lift the embargo requires multiple actions by the Executive and Congress that can be real breakthroughs in someRead MoreEssay On Open Door Policy To Cuba1221 Words   |  5 Pages Open Door Policy to Cuba Blake Andrews Randolph Community College Open Door Policy to Cuba For five decades the United States and Cuba have been at each other’s throats, this is reason that fifty plus years ago the U.S. created and embargo act against Cuba making all business between the two country’s illegal. 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The U.S. policy toward Cuba is controlled by the embargo, which contains economic agreements and restrictions on travel to Cuba. The effect of this policy is to minimize commercial, political and resident relations between the United States and Cuba. The State Department indicated that the purpose of the embargo was to have a nonviolent transition to aRead More Differential Effects of American Destabilization Policy in Chile in the 1970s and Cuba in the 1990s3123 Words   |  13 PagesDifferential Effects of American Destabilization Policy in Chile in the 1970s and Cuba in the 1990s Just three years after taking office in 1970, Chile’s military removed the leftist President Salvador Allende from power. In Cuba, nearly forty years after his ascension to power in 1959, Fidel Castro continues to control a communist regime. In Chile in the early 1970s and in Cuba in the early 1990s, the United States exasperated severe economic crises. In addition, the United States attemptedRead More HIV/AIDS Public Health Policies: A Comparison Between South Africa and Cuba 1340 Words   |  6 Pageshave difficulty with this public health concern. Out of all developing countries, South Africa has one of the highest percentages of their population living with HIV/AIDS while Cuba has one of the lowest percentages of their population living with the virus. In this paper, the public health policies of South Africa and Cuba regarding treatment, prevention and transmission will be discussed and compared. South Africa is one of the countries that are part of Sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa

Introduction to Human Resource Management and Leadership

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Human Resource Management and Leadership? Answer: External factors affecting the labor profile of the University: During 2010 the Australian economy was going through a rough time when the identified problem was found that the growth of International students fell terribly. It is because the international students who took admission in higher education had contributed around AUS$9.6 to the economy of Australia. There were several factors that concluded to this situation. These factors are categorized under external and internal influence. These factors not only led to a decrease in International students opting to study in Australia but also affected the labor profile of many Universities. They are more considered in a macro-level basis, they are changes in the general skilled program on migration and visa norms for International student. The number of International students included a majority of Indian students and the total number of Indian students who enrolled for student Visa was 36326 which represented a decrease in 25 per cent (Hcindia-au.org, 2015). Apart from issues related to Visa, another significant issue was the rise in value of Australian Dollar which contributed in the decrease in Student applying to study in Australia. The Dollar value of Australia had an increase of 18.56% in Chinese currency, 4.9916% in UK Pounds and 4.26% increase in exchange rate with Indian Rupee (RAVIMOHAN, 2010). This increase in Dollar Price made Australia more expensive International visiting destination for travelers. This has made an effective impact because the rise in Dollar price made an expensive living for the International Students and moreover in order to pay the fee the amount they has to give has monetarily had also increased. The existing competition for getting International Students in other countries like Asian countries, USA and UK had also been a major external factor for affecting International students to study in Australia. From 2000 to 2011 the top leading destinations for International market share for academic and educational Institutions are United States, United Kingdom, Germany and France followed by Australia in the fifth position (International Students, 2013). Thus Australian Universities was having a tough competition between other International Institutions. At the beginning of 2010, there was an increase in crime and racial discrimination among the Australians and the non-Australian people which marked Australia as an unsafe place for living. The welfare and safety issues in Australia faced by many students from different countries had forced the Government for an Agenda of Public around May 2009. At that time thousands of students from the federation formed by the Indian students in Australia made a rally in Melbourne. An overabundance of community and Government response made design to ensure the international market about the safety of Students for studying in the Australian University (Mason, 2011). During that time only the Government of Australia introduced vital changes in a way that would help funding the Australian Universities. This was a part of funding system driven by demand along with use of other measures, and under its policy guidelines the university receives funds according to the availability of seats in the Universit ies for each disciplines based on industry and student demand. It was found that many students are opting for engineering, physical science, medicine, nursing and commerce degrees. These were the main external factors as discussed but apart from these factors there are also several factors that affected the international students to study in Australia and affecting the labor profile of many universities including the one which is mentioned. There had been environmental factors such as an easily accessible and a friendly area where the student would feel comfortable to reside during the course of his or her study. These were some of the external factors that affected Universities in Australia. It led the vice chancellor of an Eminent Australian University face a big challenge. The challenge was about the management and the workforce planning. The universities couldnt maintain the present level of staffing to the long-term starting from the medium (Banfield and Kay, 2008). It was seen that the combination of administrative and academic staff were not proper. The university required a good management policy for having too many staff and for better management. In this situation the function of Human resource department came with a solution that suggested a scheme of Voluntary redundancy to the addressed problems. Possible ways that could provide better information to university decision makers: When the discussed University was going through several issues relating to the staff and labor problems, the Human resource depart came with a plan for downsizing their workforce. Human resource planning is a moderately traditional discipline as with changing circumstances there has been several methods used by Human resources which are applicable for an organization. One of the significant roles of a Human resource department is to provide significant information to the decision makers. These information helps the decision makers to decide how effective can the necessary steps be in order to efficiently run the organization. In order to determine the success of the University there is a sheer requirement of engaging the pan for workforce. This planning is set after a goal is set (Sekhri, 2010). The goal for the university here is to have a better management and presenting a long-term staffing. With effective tools the HR would be able to identify the problems. The purpose of this human resource planning tool is to identify the required problems. What these tool performs is to provide information for specific fields so that they could be used in the decision making process of the management (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). They are, Organizational Structures, Work structures, staffing management plan, project organization chart, networking, text oriented format, compensation, HRIS, communications and surveys. With the help of these tools the HR identifies the problem and plans out for a proper solution. The Organization charts provides the description of positions in a hierarchical format that helps to comprehend the individual work packages and ensuring that the members has a clear understanding about their roles and responsibilities (Steigenberger, 2013). It also helps to identify how many staffs fits for the role they are allocated. It also helps to provide the structure in a top to down arrangement. The Work structures are a breakdown of the structure of an organization which chiefly designs the existing teams, units and departments packages and project allocation. They help to inform about the areas of responsibility and their required levels. The plan for staffing management is a division of a project management plan which demonstrates how and when the human resource requirements will be fulfilled (Kirkby et al., 1998). It can be in informal as well as formal information. It can also be broad or detailed in respect to the project requirement. There is a need for continuous updating process in this tool. Hence it provides the updated information. The management of staffing plans generally includes required time frames for a project group activity for acquisition and its members. The chart of project organization also can be informal or formal and displays the reporting relationship and the project members in a graphical representation in relation to the requirement of the project. The text-oriented formats are basically the outlines which help the team members by providing responsibilities that needs detailed demonstration. With the help of these the HR can provide information about competencies of a worker, the authority that a person is holding, the roles and responsibilities and the qualifications. For an organization in order to redundant their employees it is very necessary to understand whom the organization is keeping and whom the organization is asking to leave. It is so because there are high possibilities of an efficient employee can leave the organization. It has happened with the Australian university also. Networking is a kind of interpersonal, constructive and informal tool for Human resource planning that, impacts on the effectiveness of diverse options of staffing management. Informal conversations, lunch and informal parties meetings and proactive correspondence are considered as a part of networking activities. The compensation policies of an organization helps to determine the efficiency of the employee an accordingly determine their productivity. Compensation also helps to have annual and ongoing activity recognition for volunteers (Chalofsky, 2014). The surveys like interview based and quantitative based helps to have access over various information. The quantitative methods of survey help to identify the labor turnover ratio and the surplus and gap of employment in the organization. Quantitative surveys gives a detailed report on which not only helps in decision making but also helps in identifying the need of the implementation of Human resource strategy. The interview based survey helps to find out why the employee is leaving or what problems and issues the employee is having in the course of his employment. This process was hugely informative and was helpful for the decision makers because they found out a way for providing a voluntary amount to which the person will be paid if he or she would take leave according to his own will. This actually led many people leave the organization. Some people left the organization because they want to take a year leave but still it was found that they got very insufficient leave application. So they called for retrenchment and termination. The only thing the management failed to see is that not only they can lose efficient employees but their efficient work will be handled by a person who is already into his task. This means that the existing employees had to work for double task in the same amount of pay. With the help of communication and HRIS the human resource can identify immediate details about employees and through communication they can convince the employees to leave or remain in the University (Tohidi, 2011). The Information system of Human resource also known as HRIS is an intersection of information technology and human resources through the help of an application. It is an electronic process of operation that helps digitally keep the data related to employees. A HRIS performs innumerous tasks that help to avail solutions. Some of these solutions include the solution for training, human resource, recruiting, compliance and payroll. Most of the quality HRIS process includes flexible designs which comprise databases that are incorporated with a variety of available features (Machado and Davim, 2014). HRIS helps organizations employees to exchange information easily. Presently the notion of downsizing of the existing employees in the Universities required information which the mentioned tools could provide under the supervision of the Human Resource. With the help of these it could provide better information compared to abrupt information they already followed. Advantages and disadvantages of downsizing the number of staffs at the university: The notion of downsizing was an effective tool according to the decision makers. The human resource department after consulting with the stakeholders they chalked out a plan for voluntary redundancy scheme. This scheme explained that the staff can nominate themselves for ending their course of employment with the university and in return they would receive some amount o compensation for their job loss. It was agreed by the higher authorities as the only best option that the university can choose. Along with advantages there were some significant problems like losing a good number of valuable staffs (Daft, Murphy and Willmott, 2014). Many efficient employees opted for better opportunity at other institutes which was easier for them to get. When this scheme did not act accordingly, the director of the university started targeted redundancy. This also made a negative impact on the employees. The impact was not only about the employees who are leaving but also about the employees who tho ught that they had to do more task as the distribution of task will be more for one person. Some employees were demotivated with the fact that their hard works are not considered. This situation required a good amount of emphasis so that the HR as well as the decision maker can analyze which is affecting most, the negative or the positive impacts. The advantages of Downsizing is cost saving, ability to eliminate low productive employees and updating. The initiative of the University was to face the challenges of the external environment created issues. With the contracting of members, the university could not sustain their present level of staffing. So keeping in mind her, downsizing their employees would help them reduce the number of employees to be compensated and provided salary and saving the money in order to have a good circulation and sustenance of the University (Sitlington and Marshall, 2011). Cost saving is one of the biggest advantage of downsizing. If more work is allotted to less number of people, then there will be a possibility to save cost. With that saved money the University can focus more on the other infrastructural improvements. Once the University achieves it desired goals then the University will be able to hire or rehire more staffs. Downsizing also helps in increasing the productivity of the existing employees (Hodgetts and Hegar, 2004). The fear of retrenchment and downsizing make the existing people more productive in their work. Many people take their job for grunted no matter whatever work they does. This brings a reluctant feeling among certain employees and they dont perform their best. Indirectly their individual performance results in bad impression for the organization. Suppose a faculty of the University is always late and most of the time remains absent in his or her period then the student will have a complaint that even after paying fees the fa culty is not doing his job properly. This might extend to students who might give a thought to take admission to the University. That faculty in this case definitely needs to be terminated, but instead the university is offering him voluntarily leaving the University to which he will be provided with compensation (Daft and Marcic, 2014). There is a type of hiring on the basis of reference; in that case there are chances of poor recruitment quality. If they are hired and later they find out that the employee is not appropriate for the profile then they can downsize the number of employees. There are also many disadvantages of downsizing that the university is presently confronting. These disadvantages are, fail in the creativity and productivity of the staff, reduction in general disquiet and job satisfaction among employees, and effect on the public image for the University. In the eye of the public Downsizing can mar the image of the University, this hampers the reputation of the university. A university should be known for its effective teaching, the increase in potentiality of the student and its work culture. Retrenching a good number of people might result in people making negative comments about the university (Child, n.d.). The existing employees might lose their interest of working thinking that he might be the next victim of downsizing. Thus the creativity and the productivity of the employee would lose to a great extent. There is also a fear of losing efficient and potential employee in downsizing. Hence it can be stated that downsizing affects the university to a great extent and in order to overcome these negative impact, there has to be a better Human Resource Strategy. References: Banfield, P. and Kay, R. (2008).Introduction to human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chalofsky, N. (2014).Handbook of Human Resource Development. Hoboken: Wiley. Child, J. (n.d.).Organization. Daft, R. and Marcic, D. (2014).Building management skills. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Daft, R., Murphy, J. and Willmott, H. (2014).Organization theory and design. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Dinsmore, P. and Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2011).The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Hcindia-au.org, (2015).Guidelines for Indian Students wishing to study in Australia | Studying in Australia | The High Commission of India in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.hcindia-au.org/students-guidelines.htm [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Hodgetts, R. and Hegar, K. (2004).Modern human relations at work. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. International Students. (2013). 1st ed. [ebook] https://www.oecd.org/, p.4. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/EDIF%202013--N%C2%B014%20%28eng%29-Final.pdf [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Kirkby, M., Dost, P., Holdwick, C., Poskie, M., Glaser, D. and Sage, M. (1998). Improving Staffing with a Resource Management Plan.JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 28(11), pp.25-29. Machado, C. and Davim, J. (2014).Work Organization and Human Resource Management. Cham: Springer. Mason, G. (2011). Naming the 'R' word in racial victimization: Violence against Indian students in Australia.International Review of Victimology, 18(1), pp.39-56. Oecd.org, (2015).OECD.org - OECD. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/ [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. RAVIMOHAN, A. (2010).Appreciation of Australias real exchange rate: causes and effects. 1st ed. [ebook] South Wales: https://www.rba.gov.au/, p.11. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/econ-compet/2010/pdf/first-year.pdf [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Sekhri, A. (2010).Human resource planning and audit. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Sitlington, H. and Marshall, V. (2011). Do downsizing decisions affect organisational knowledge and performance?.Management Decision, 49(1), pp.116-129. Steigenberger, N. (2013). Power shifts in organizations: the role of high-performance work systems.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(6), pp.1165-1185. Tohidi, H. (2011). Human resources management main role in information technology project management.Procedia Computer Science, 3, pp.925-929.

Night Patrol by Alan Ross, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen Essay Example

Night Patrol by Alan Ross, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen Paper All of these poems are about the effects of war, and how people feel about it. `Night Patrol` by Alan Ross. This is about a soldier that goes out on a night patrol, he is on a boat that leaves port at last light, and returns to the port at dawn. It shows the daily routine of a patrolling soldier at war. `War Photographer` by Carol Ann Duffy. This poem isnt first hand experience, she is writing as a male photographer that goes to report the war. The man realises the issues of war and death. `Dulce et Decorum Est` by Wilfred Owen, this poem is about a man on the front lines. He faces and describes the dangers or war, gunfire, gas and shelling. Night Patrol, this poem is told from a soldiers point of view. The soldier goes on his night shift patrolling the channel by boat. The first three lines are about his view on going to war, he describes it as if he was forced to go to war. He describes the headland so well that it seems he doesnt want to leave it, but it is disappearing in his view. He talks about the docks, the cranes, and railways. In his shift he sails south from land, he sees the moon as `a rouged face`. He is talking about all this as if hes not going to see it again, this could be the case though, as in the end he is going to war. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Patrol by Alan Ross, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Night Patrol by Alan Ross, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Night Patrol by Alan Ross, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He describes it so passionately, and as it disappears out of his view, he then looks at the `sea crumpled in the spray-flecked blackness`, meaning the waves and spray created at the back of the boat. `Towards midnight the cold stars, high over Europe, freeze on the sky This is a very descriptive line that gives the reader a lot of information. He is confirming that he is on a night patrol on a boat. He is also saying that he is somewhere in Europe, the North Sea. The way that he worded the line makes you feel the coldness that he is experiencing. He uses the expression of the stars freezing in the sky, giving it a cold feeling, a clear sky without clouds indicates a very cold night. I feel that he finds his day tedious and must have seen it many times before. He sees `stigmata in the sky, meaning Anti-Aircraft guns firing away piecing holes in the sky. He also hears gunfire, this I think scares him as his life is at stake. It is made worse by that he can only hear them, not see them. Then from Dunkirk he sees `red flames opening fanwise`, or an image of death, the fire then burns out and he is back to normal. As the shift is coming to an end they pass another patrol boat coming from England. Heading back he sees some clouds overhead, and back in early light he sees minesweepers going out. He is trying to get across that the daily routine starts all again, but for another man. War Photographer was written by Carol Ann Duffy, it is not a first hand piece of writing, she has written about a male photographer that has gone to war to take photos. As this is not a first hand piece she may have not got all the detail correct, unless she has spoken to a photographer that went to the war. In the first line it says that he is in his dark room and `finally alone, this suggests that he has been waiting for this moment for a long time. `With Spools of suffering set out in ordered rows The pictures taken were war photographs, most pictures taken in war had horrific outcomes, people dying or injured. What she is saying is that loads of pictures are set out in rows (each negative of the film). She then goes on to give you a little description of what the room looks like red lights that softly glows. It is quiet and he is alone, as we know. He is taking his time, and carefully developing the film. Taking photographs is his livelihood, so he was very professional about it, `his hands did not tremble then though seem to now. When he took the photograph he did not have the time to think of the horror and see the proper effect of war, he was there just to take photographs, as a professional. Now that he is in the comfort of his home, his emotions have caught up with him. `Something is happening, one of his photos is coming through, and he sees it as a stranger. He remembers how and when the photo was taken. The woman crying, lying there bleeding on the floor, `blood stained into foreign dust`. A very descriptive piece. Hundred agonies, these are the photographs showing the horrors of the war zones but only five or six will make it into the Sunday supplement. Discarding the photographs in theory is like discarding the stories and tragedies. The readers will be moved by the photographs, but, as they are between the bath and the pre-lunch beers, they are obviously more interested in their own lives. In the final two lines the photographer is on a plane heading presumably, for another war zone. What he sees from this point is the landscape where he works, full of people who feel nothing for the subject that earns him a living. Dulce et Decorum Est`, is written by Wilfred Owen, he has done many other well-known war poems and was tragically killed during the great war. Dulce et Decorum Est is about a battalion going to war and facing a daily routine of being at the front lines. `Bent double, like old beggars under sacks`, this is a very powerful first line that gets the reader thinking straight away. The message that he is trying to get across that these fine young soldiers have been worn down and are acting like old women. A flare is set off, and the whole battlefield is lit, meaning that they can see and be seen by the enemy. Men were so tired that they were marching asleep, some had lost boots, but that was the last thing on their mind. Swaying as theyre marching, `drunk with fatigue`. Gas hit them, they are all fumbling to get their masks on, the large clumsy things that they are. Someone wasnt quick enough and was burnt, by the `fire and lime`. Everyone staring out of there gas marks, a green mercy sight, as if under water. `In all my dreams before my helpless sight he plunges towards me`, what he is trying to say here is that he is haunted by the memories of what he had seen, of the terrible effects of the gas making the man choke, drowning in his own blood. In the last stanza, he is describing it as if he is there, saying that you have to be there to experience it. He describes the vision of the dead person clearly. `His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin`. It may look like hes been hung. The body having been exposed to the gas is rotting away, his corrupted lungs, bleeding, `bitter as cud`. He is saddened by the fact that all these people have lost their lives, but he may also be happy that the battle is over. To sum up this poem he uses a strong finish, Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Meaning it is noble to die for your country. It does not necessarily mean that hes not afraid of death, just that he thinks it is noble to die for his country. All of these poems have the relationship of war. The main message that all these poems are trying to get across is that war isnt good. In all the poems there is a sign of fear, either first hand or not, the writer still knows that theres fear. In all of the poems there is no positive part to it. In the `War Photographer` the photographer hasnt got the time to realise what is really happening, hes only there to get a front-page snap. When hes home he can have all the time to recollect his thoughts. The photographer cannot be part of his home setting because of the horrors he has witnessed, and the people for whom he works cannot fully appreciate the photographers work because they have no idea of the real circumstances of war. `Night Patrol`, the soldier that goes out on patrol seems to be scared, and wants to stay on land. He also seems fed up of the shift and continuous patrol that risks his life.